{
  "node_id": "codex-cxs-193-1995-contaminants-toxins-food-feed",
  "title": "Codex Alimentarius CXS 193-1995: General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed",
  "domain": "Agriculture & Agritech",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-05-30",
  "bluf": "CXS 193-1995 sets the global Codex Maximum Levels (MLs) for contaminants and natural toxins in food and feed, including heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, tin), mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, patulin, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone), process contaminants (acrylamide, 3-MCPD esters, glycidyl esters, chloropropanols), dioxins, PCBs, radionuclides, and natural toxins. Maximum levels are derived from Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) evaluations using ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principles. The standard is referenced by WTO SPS as the international benchmark and is transposed into EU Contaminants Regulation 2006, US FDA action levels, the FSSAI contaminants schedule, ANVISA RDC 487/2021, FSANZ Standard 1.4.1. Non-compliance triggers product detention at the border, recall, destruction order, and operator penalties under national food safety law.",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "jecfa_jmpr",
      "wto_sps",
      "eu_contaminants",
      "us_fda_action",
      "fssai_india",
      "industry_mapping"
    ],
    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "dependencies": [
    "codex-cxs-1-1985-labelling-prepackaged-foods"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 7
}