{
  "node_id": "es-ley-34-1988-general-publicidad",
  "title": "Spain Ley 34/1988 General de Publicidad",
  "domain": "Sales, Marketing & PR",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-06-07",
  "bluf": "Ley 34/1988, de 11 de noviembre, General de Publicidad establishes the general legal framework for advertising activity in Spain. The Law is organised into four Titulos: Titulo I (Disposiciones Generales) covers scope, definitions and the relationship with related rules; Titulo II (De la publicidad ilicita y de las acciones para hacerla cesar) defines and prohibits unlawful advertising; Titulo III (De la contratacion publicitaria) regulates advertising contracts between advertisers, agencies and media; Titulo IV (De la accion de cesacion y rectificacion) was repealed by Ley 29/2009 with these actions now governed by the Ley de Competencia Desleal regime. Article 1 establishes the scope, providing that publicidad is governed by this Law, by the Ley de Competencia Desleal and by sector-specific rules. Article 2 defines publicidad as any form of communication realised by a natural or juridical person, public or private, in the exercise of a commercial, industrial, artisanal or professional activity, with the purpose of promoting directly or indirectly the contracting of goods or services. Article 3 lists categories of publicidad ilicita (advertising that infringes constitutional values and rights, misleading advertising, unfair advertising, aggressive advertising, subliminal advertising and breaches of sector-specific rules). Article 5 establishes sector-specific advertising restrictions for products such as medicinal products, tobacco, alcoholic beverages and dangerous activities. Article 6 governs the remedies regime through the Ley de Competencia Desleal. Article 8 defines the contractual subjects (anunciantes, agencias de publicidad, medios de publicidad).",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "nist_framework",
      "iso_standard",
      "industry_mapping",
      "ai_overlay_2026"
    ],
    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "dependencies": [
    "eu-product-liability-directive-2024-2853",
    "us-ftc-cfr-16-part-255-endorsement-testimonials-advertising"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 8
}