{
  "node_id": "eu-ai-act-medical-devices-mdr-intersection",
  "title": "EU AI Act and Medical Devices Regulation - Dual Compliance for AI Medical Devices",
  "domain": "AI Governance & Law",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-04-28",
  "bluf": "AI systems used as medical devices or embedded in medical devices are subject to dual compliance obligations under Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (EU AI Act) and Regulation (EU) 2017/745 (Medical Devices Regulation, MDR); the intersection creates one of the most complex EU AI compliance scenarios: (1) EU AI Act Article 6(1) automatic high-risk classification - AI systems that are safety components of products covered by EU MDR (listed in EU AI Act Annex II) are automatically classified as high-risk AI systems subject to EU AI Act Chapter III obligations; (2) EU MDR Annex I safety and performance requirements - AI medical devices must additionally satisfy EU MDR's General Safety and Performance Requirements (GSPR) including clinical evaluation, post-market surveillance, and quality management system requirements; (3) Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) - AI software applications that qualify as medical devices under EU MDR (meeting the intended purpose criterion for diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment, or compensation for disease) are subject to full EU MDR obligations including notified body involvement for Class IIa and above; (4) conformity assessment coordination - the EU AI Act's Article 43 conformity assessment for high-risk AI systems is conducted alongside the EU MDR's conformity assessment; for Class IIa and above medical device AI, the EU MDR notified body assessment is the primary pathway; (5) classification interface - EU MDR device classification (Class I, IIa, IIb, III) determines the conformity assessment pathway for the medical device; EU AI Act high-risk classification (Article 6(1)) applies automatically where the AI is a safety component; (6) the EU AI Act's Chapter III provisions (risk management, data governance, transparency, human oversight, accuracy/robustness, quality management, post-market monitoring) operate in addition to EU MDR obligations - not instead of them; the EU AI Act applies from August 2, 2026 and the EU MDR is already in full force.",
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    "_available_keys": [
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  "dependencies": [
    "eu-ai-act-2024",
    "eu-ai-act-article-6-classification-high-risk",
    "eu-ai-act-annex-ii-union-harmonisation-legislation",
    "eu-ai-act-quality-management-system",
    "eu-ai-act-accuracy-robustness-cybersecurity"
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  "primary_citations_count": 5
}