{
  "node_id": "eu-nature-restoration-law-2024-1991-article-4-restoration-targets-terrestrial",
  "title": "EU Nature Restoration Law (EU) 2024/1991 - Article 4: Restoration Targets for Terrestrial, Riparian and Freshwater Ecosystems",
  "domain": "Sustainability & ESG",
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-05-09",
  "bluf": "Article 4 of the EU Nature Restoration Law (Regulation 2024/1991) sets legally binding restoration targets for terrestrial, riparian, and freshwater ecosystems listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). EU member states must put in place restoration measures on: at least 30% of Annex I habitat types in poor condition (each habitat type at national level) by 2030; at least 60% by 2040; and at least 90% by 2050. Additionally, member states must not deteriorate restored habitat areas. A non-deterioration obligation applies to all currently favourable habitats from the regulation's entry into force. The regulation covers grasslands, peatlands, heathlands, dunes, forests, river and lake habitats, and other Annex I ecosystem types. Member states have flexibility in selecting which specific areas receive restoration measures to meet the percentage targets, but must demonstrate measurable improvement using biodiversity indicators including bee populations, farmland bird indices, and riparian forest coverage.",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "industry_mapping",
      "regulatory_overlap",
      "use_cases"
    ],
    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "dependencies": [
    "eu-nature-restoration-law-2024-1991-article-11-national-restoration-plans",
    "eu-nature-restoration-law-2024-1991-article-6-urban-ecosystem-restoration"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 8
}