{
  "node_id": "iso-iec-22989-ai-concepts-terminology-2022",
  "title": "ISO/IEC 22989:2022 - Artificial Intelligence Concepts and Terminology",
  "domain": "AI Governance & Law",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-04-28",
  "bluf": "ISO/IEC 22989:2022 'Artificial intelligence - Concepts and terminology' is the foundational ISO/IEC standard establishing the vocabulary for artificial intelligence; published by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 (Subcommittee on Artificial Intelligence), it defines over 150 key AI terms organised into seven conceptual areas: (1) Basic concepts - AI, artificial intelligence system, autonomy, autonomous system, explainability, trustworthy AI, human-centred AI; (2) Machine learning concepts - machine learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, semi-supervised learning, federated learning, transfer learning; (3) Neural network concepts - neural network, deep learning, convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, generative adversarial network, attention mechanism, transformer; (4) Data concepts - training data, test data, validation data, dataset, ground truth, label, annotation, data augmentation; (5) Model concepts - AI model, model training, inference, overfitting, underfitting, hyperparameter, performance metric; (6) Functional safety and AI - fail-safe, fail-secure, safety integrity level, AI safety; (7) Sociotechnical concepts - algorithmic bias, fairness, accountability, transparency, privacy-by-design; ISO/IEC 22989:2022 is the primary vocabulary reference for ISO/IEC 42001:2023 (AI management system), ISO/IEC 23894:2023 (AI risk management), ISO/IEC 24027:2021 (AI bias), and the entire ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 AI standard family; regulatory instruments including the EU AI Act Article 3 definitions are aligned with the ISO/IEC 22989 vocabulary; organisations implementing AI governance frameworks should ensure their internal AI terminology is consistent with ISO/IEC 22989 to enable interoperability with regulatory requirements and contractual obligations that reference ISO/IEC AI standards.",
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  "dependencies": [
    "iso-iec-42001-2023-ai-management-system",
    "iso-iec-23894-ai-risk-management-2023",
    "iso-iec-24027-bias-fairness"
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  "primary_citations_count": 5
}