{
  "node_id": "mitre-capec-capec-491-quadratic-data-expansion",
  "title": "MITRE CAPEC-491: Quadratic Data Expansion (Detailed Attack Pattern)",
  "domain": "Cybersecurity",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-05-25",
  "bluf": "MITRE CAPEC-491 (Quadratic Data Expansion) is a detailed-level attack pattern in the MITRE Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification. An adversary exploits macro-like substitution to cause a denial of service situation due to excessive memory being allocated to fully expand the data. The result of this denial of service could cause the application to freeze or crash. This involves defining a very large entity and using it multiple times in a single entity substitution. Likelihood of attack: Unknown. Maps to weaknesses CWE-770.",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "nist_framework",
      "iso_standard",
      "industry_mapping",
      "mitre_attack"
    ],
    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "dependencies": [
    "nist-sp-800-53-r5",
    "iso-27001-2022",
    "cis-controls-v8",
    "owasp-asvs-l2"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 7
}