{
  "node_id": "new-zealand-biosecurity-act-1993-mpi",
  "title": "New Zealand Biosecurity Act 1993 - MPI Border Clearance and Pest Management Framework",
  "domain": "Agriculture & Agritech",
  "version": "2.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-05-10",
  "bluf": "New Zealand's Biosecurity Act 1993 (No. 95 of 1993, as amended) is the primary statute governing the exclusion, eradication, and management of harmful organisms. The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) administers the Act. New Zealand's geographic isolation and export-dependent agricultural economy make biosecurity one of the highest-priority policy areas - MPI biosecurity inspections are conducted at all international airports and seaports. Goods arriving without biosecurity clearance may be seized and treated or destroyed. The Act establishes a National Policy Direction on Biosecurity framework, Regional Pest Management Plans, and National Pest Management Plans for declared pests. Infringement notices (on-the-spot fines) may be issued for minor biosecurity offences. The Mycoplasma bovis eradication programme (commenced 2018) is an example of the Act's pest eradication provisions in action. Import Health Standards (IHS) specify the biosecurity requirements for all imported goods.",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "ippc",
      "oie",
      "wto_sps",
      "customs",
      "industry_mapping"
    ],
    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "primary_citations_count": 7
}