{
  "node_id": "vietnam-ai-law-134-2025-qh15",
  "title": "Vietnam Law on Artificial Intelligence (Law No. 134/2025/QH15)",
  "domain": "AI Governance & Law",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "last_updated": "2026-06-14",
  "bluf": "Vietnam's Law on Artificial Intelligence No. 134/2025/QH15 was passed by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 10 December 2025 and takes effect on 1 March 2026. It is the first binding national AI law in Southeast Asia and is organised into 8 chapters and 35 articles. The Law establishes a 3-tier risk-based classification system in Article 9 (high-risk, medium-risk, low-risk), a set of prohibited AI practices in Article 7, transparency and labelling obligations for AI-generated audio, image and video content in Article 11, conformity assessment obligations for high-risk systems in Article 13, and detailed provider, deployer and user obligations in Article 14. The Ministry of Science and Technology is the focal state management agency under Chapter VII. Article 35 grants existing AI systems an 18-month grace period for healthcare, education and finance sectors and a 12-month grace period for other sectors from the 1 March 2026 effective date. Article 29 establishes administrative penalties, criminal liability examination and civil compensation obligations for violations, with deployers of high-risk systems liable for damages caused even where they operated in compliance. The Law applies to Vietnamese and foreign entities conducting AI research, development, provision, deployment and use in Vietnam, excluding activities exclusively for national defence, security or cipher purposes.",
  "paywall": {
    "status": "LOCKED",
    "unlock_cost_usd": "0.01",
    "skyfire_id": "41779894-ece2-4163-9761-b3b1b76e19b0"
  },
  "crosswalks": {
    "_available_keys": [
      "industry_mapping",
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    "_note": "Full crosswalk values included in vault response"
  },
  "dependencies": [
    "asean-guide-ai-governance-ethics-2020",
    "south-korea-ai-basic-act-2024"
  ],
  "primary_citations_count": 7
}