Banking & Global Finance — 603 Nodes
- 12 CFR Part 1002 - Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)
CFPB Regulation B implements the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting creditors from discriminating against an applicant on a prohibited basis in any aspect of a credit transaction, restricting the information a… - 12 CFR Part 1005 - Electronic Fund Transfers (Regulation E)
This regulation establishes the rights, liabilities, and responsibilities of participants in electronic fund transfer systems, mandating disclosures, error resolution procedures, and limitations on consumer liability. - 12 CFR Part 1016 - Privacy of Consumer Financial Information (Regulation P) (CFPB)
CFPB 12 CFR Part 1016 (Regulation P) implements the privacy provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, requiring a financial institution to provide an initial privacy notice to consumers and an annual privacy notice to… - 12 CFR Part 1024 (Regulation X) - RESPA Settlement, Escrow and Mortgage Servicing Rules
Regulation X (12 CFR Part 1024) implements the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) and is administered by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. It applies to federally related mortgage loans and governs… - 12 CFR Part 1026 - Truth in Lending (Regulation Z)
Organizations must follow specified procedures for accessing, interpreting, and providing feedback on regulatory text published on the eCFR website. - 12 CFR Part 208 (Regulation H) - Membership and Requirements of State Member Banks
Regulation H (12 CFR Part 208) governs the membership of State-chartered banks in the Federal Reserve System and the prudential, securities, real-estate-lending and security requirements that apply to State member… - 12 CFR Part 211 - Federal Reserve Regulation K: International Banking Operations (Foreign Branches of U.S. Member Banks, Edge and Agreement Corporations, Foreign Bank Offices in the United States)
12 CFR Part 211 is the Federal Reserve Regulation K governing the international banking operations of U.S. banking organisations and the U.S. operations of foreign banks. Section 211.1 sets the authority (the Federal… - 12 CFR Part 225 (Regulation Y) - Bank Holding Companies and Change in Bank Control
Regulation Y (12 CFR Part 225) implements the Bank Holding Company Act and the Change in Bank Control Act and governs the formation, activities and control of bank holding companies (BHCs) and financial holding… - 12 CFR Part 249 - Federal Reserve Liquidity Risk Measurement Standards (Regulation WW): Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR), and HQLA Requirements for Board-Regulated Institutions
12 CFR Part 249 is the Federal Reserve's Regulation WW implementing the Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) for Board-regulated institutions on a consolidated basis. Section… - 12 CFR Part 30 - Safety and Soundness Standards
This regulation establishes a framework for the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to identify failures to meet safety and soundness standards, require the submission of compliance plans, and issue and enforce… - 12 CFR Part 329 - FDIC Liquidity Risk Measurement Standards (LCR and NSFR for FDIC-Supervised Institutions)
12 CFR Part 329 is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) liquidity risk measurement rule implementing the Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) for FDIC-supervised… - 12 CFR Part 337 - Unsafe and Unsound Banking Practices (Brokered Deposits, Rate Caps, Insider Credit)
12 CFR Part 337 sets out FDIC rules that address unsafe and unsound banking practices for FDIC-supervised institutions. Standby letters of credit must be combined with other guarantees and extensions of credit and… - 12 CFR Part 348 - Management Official Interlocks
12 CFR Part 348 implements the Depository Institution Management Interlocks Act and restricts a person from serving as a management official of two unaffiliated depository organizations at the same time, in order to… - 12 CFR Part 362 - Activities and Investments of Insured State Banks and Savings Associations
12 CFR Part 362 implements section 24 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and limits the activities and equity investments that insured State banks, their subsidiaries, and insured State savings associations may engage… - 12 CFR Part 364 - Standards for Safety and Soundness
This regulation establishes interagency standards for safety, soundness, and information security that insured depository institutions must implement and maintain. - 12 CFR Part 50 - OCC Liquidity Risk Measurement Standards (Liquidity Coverage Ratio and Net Stable Funding Ratio for National Banks and Federal Savings Associations)
12 CFR Part 50 is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) liquidity risk measurement rule implementing the Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) for certain national… - 15 U.S. Code § 7241 - Corporate responsibility for financial reports
Requires principal executive and financial officers of public companies to personally certify the accuracy of financial reports and the effectiveness of internal controls in each annual or quarterly filing. - 15 U.S. Code § 7262 - Management assessment of internal controls
Requires management of public companies to establish, maintain, and assess the effectiveness of internal controls for financial reporting in their annual report, which must be attested to by an external auditor for most… - 15 U.S.C. 80b-6 - Prohibited Transactions by Investment Advisers (Section 206)
15 U.S.C. 80b-6 (Section 206 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940) makes it unlawful for any investment adviser, by use of the mails or any means of interstate commerce, directly or indirectly, to employ any device,… - 17 CFR Part 210 - Regulation S-X: Form and Content of and Requirements for Financial Statements (SEC)
SEC 17 CFR Part 210 (Regulation S-X) governs the form and content of and requirements for financial statements filed under the federal securities laws, requiring that financial statements be examined by qualified,… - 17 CFR Part 229 - Regulation S-K (Standard Instructions for Filing Forms Under the Securities Acts)
SEC Regulation S-K sets the standard non-financial disclosure items that registrants must provide in registration statements and periodic reports under the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act, covering… - 17 CFR Part 23 - Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants
This regulation establishes registration, capital, margin, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements for swap dealers and major swap participants to ensure financial stability and market integrity. - 17 CFR Part 230 - General Rules and Regulations, Securities Act of 1933
This regulation establishes general rules under the Securities Act of 1933, detailing requirements for definitions, filing fees, communications, and various offering-related notices and publications. - 17 CFR Part 242 - Regulations M, SHO, ATS, AC, NMS, and SBSR; Securities Market Regulation (SEC)
SEC 17 CFR Part 242 sets the securities market structure rules, requiring short sales to be marked and to meet the circuit breaker, borrowing, delivery, and close-out requirements under Regulation SHO, alternative… - 17 CFR Part 243 (Regulation FD) - Fair Disclosure of Material Nonpublic Information
Regulation FD (17 CFR Part 243) prohibits the selective disclosure of material nonpublic information by SEC-reporting issuers. Whenever an issuer, or a person acting on its behalf, discloses material nonpublic… - 17 CFR Part 275 - Rules and Regulations under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940
17 CFR Part 275 contains the SEC rules implementing the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and governs the registration and conduct of investment advisers. To register with the Commission, an adviser must complete and file… - 17 CFR Part 30 - Foreign Futures and Foreign Options Transactions
17 CFR Part 30 governs the offer and sale in the United States of foreign futures and foreign options products, that is, contracts made or to be made on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade, by the… - 17 CFR Part 38 - Designated Contract Markets (CFTC Core Principles)
17 CFR Part 38 implements the core principles that a board of trade must satisfy to obtain and maintain designation as a contract market (DCM) with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission under section 5(d) of the… - 17 CFR Part 39 - Derivatives Clearing Organizations
This regulation establishes core principles and compliance obligations for Derivatives Clearing Organizations (DCOs) concerning financial resources, risk management, settlement procedures, default rules, system… - 17 CFR Part 41 - Security Futures Products
17 CFR Part 41 sets out the requirements for security futures products, which are jointly regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission. It governs the securities that… - 18 U.S. Code § 1350 - Failure of corporate officers to certify financial reports
Requires the CEO and CFO of an issuer to provide a written certification with each periodic financial report filed with the SEC, attesting to the report's compliance and fair presentation of financial condition. - 29 CFR Part 2550 - Rules and Regulations for Fiduciary Responsibility
This regulation establishes rules for fiduciary responsibility under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), covering the establishment of trusts, investment duties, disclosures, and exemptions for… - 29 U.S. Code § 1132 - Civil enforcement
This section empowers participants, beneficiaries, fiduciaries, and the Secretary of Labor to bring civil actions to recover benefits, enforce plan terms, or seek equitable relief for violations of ERISA provisions. - 7 U.S.C. 6b - Contracts Designed to Defraud or Mislead (Commodity Exchange Act)
7 U.S.C. 6b is the core anti-fraud provision of the Commodity Exchange Act. It is unlawful, in or in connection with any order to make, or the making of, any contract of sale of any commodity for future delivery, any… - Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) FSRA Financial Services and Markets Regulations 2015 - Regulated Activity Authorisation, Conduct of Business Rules, Market Abuse Provisions and Recognition of Overseas Financial Institutions
This framework establishes the comprehensive legal and regulatory regime for financial services within the Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), requiring any person carrying on a Regulated Activity by way of business in or… - Addressing the Tax Challenges of the Digital Economy, Action 1 - 2015 Final Report
This OECD/G20 report analyzes tax challenges from digitalization and proposes options to adapt international tax rules, focusing on nexus, withholding taxes, and VAT/GST. Its most widely adopted recommendation, detailed… - AI Model Valuation (IAS 38)
IAS 38 Intangible Assets, issued by the IASB, governs the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of intangible assets including internally developed AI models, training datasets, and software. An intangible asset must… - AICPA SSAE No. 18 - Attestation Standards Underpinning SOC Examinations (AT-C 105, 205, 320)
Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAE) No. 18, Attestation Standards: Clarification and Recodification, is the AICPA standard that governs how SOC examinations are performed. It recodifies prior SSAEs… - AICPA SSAE No. 21 (September 2020) - Direct Examination Engagements (AT-C Section 206)
Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAE) No. 21, Direct Examination Engagements, was issued by the AICPA Auditing Standards Board in September 2020. It creates AT-C section 206, Direct Examination… - Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU - Article 12: General principles
AIFMs must at all times act honestly, with due skill, care, and diligence, and fairly in the conduct of their activities. - Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU - Article 19: Valuation
AIFMs must establish and maintain appropriate, consistent procedures for each AIF they manage to ensure a proper and independent valuation of the AIF's assets, compliant with AIFMD, national law, and the AIF's own rules. - Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU - Article 7: Application for authorisation
This article requires Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMs) to apply for and obtain authorisation from the competent authorities of their home Member State before commencing operations. - Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU - Article 8: Conditions for granting authorisation
This article establishes the mandatory conditions that an Alternative Investment Fund Manager (AIFM) must meet for competent authorities to grant authorisation, including requirements for shareholder suitability,… - Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU Article 13: Remuneration
AIFMs must establish and maintain remuneration policies and practices for key staff that promote sound risk management and do not encourage excessive risk-taking inconsistent with the AIF's profile. - Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU Article 14: Conflicts of interest
AIFMs must take all reasonable steps to identify, prevent, manage, and monitor conflicts of interest, and where these measures are insufficient, they must disclose the conflicts to investors. - Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU Article 17: Investment in securitisation positions
Mandates the European Commission to adopt delegated acts establishing requirements for AIFM investments in securitisation positions to ensure consistency and align the interests of originators and investors. - Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU Article 22: Annual report
AIFMs must prepare and make available an annual report for each managed EU AIF and each marketed AIF within 6 months of the financial year-end, providing it to investors on request and to competent authorities. - Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU Article 23: Disclosure to investors
AIFMs must provide specific information to potential investors before they invest in an AIF and disclose any material changes to that information. - APRA CPS 230 (Resilience)
APRA CPS 230 (Operational Risk Management) is the new cross-industry standard for the Australian financial sector. it replaces several legacy standards (CPS 231, CPS 232) with a unified framework for operational risk,… - APRA Prudential Standard CPS 234 Information Security
A mandatory Australian regulatory standard ensuring that APRA-regulated entities maintain robust information security capabilities, with ultimate accountability residing at the Board level. - Artificial intelligence and machine learning in financial services
This joint BIS and FSB report outlines key considerations for financial institutions and supervisors regarding the use of AI and ML, emphasizing the need for robust governance, data quality, and model risk management… - Australia APRA Prudential Standard APS 110 - Capital Adequacy for Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions
APS 110 sets minimum capital ratios for Australian ADIs (banks, credit unions, building societies): CET1 ≥4.5%, Tier 1 ≥6%, Total Capital ≥8%, plus Capital Conservation Buffer 2.5% (effectively 10.5% Total); D-SIBs… - Australia APRA Prudential Standard CPS 220 - Risk Management Framework
APRA Prudential Standard CPS 220 Risk Management (updated January 2023) requires all APRA-regulated entities - authorised deposit-taking institutions (ADIs), general insurers, life insurers, private health insurers, and… - Australia Banking Act 1959 - Authorisation Supervision and Resolution of Authorised Deposit-Taking Institutions
The Banking Act 1959 authorises the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority to grant and revoke authorisation to carry on banking business in Australia, requires authorised deposit-taking institutions to comply with… - Australia Corporations Act 2001 - AFSL Holder Obligations Under Chapter 7 Financial Services
The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Chapter 7, administered by ASIC, requires holders of an Australian Financial Services Licence (AFSL) to comply with general obligations including acting efficiently, honestly and fairly,… - Australia National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (NCCP Act)
The National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (NCCP Act) regulates the provision of consumer credit and consumer leases in Australia, establishing a national licensing regime for credit activities administered by… - Australia Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 - ASIC Powers Consumer Protection and Financial Services Conduct
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 establishes ASIC as Australia's corporate, markets, and financial services regulator, sets out ASIC functions and powers including investigation,… - Bank Act (S.C. 1991, c. 46) - Part VI, Corporate Governance - Requisitioned and Court-Ordered Meetings
This regulation outlines the obligations for a bank's directors to call a meeting upon requisition by shareholders or members, the procedures for such meetings, and the recourse available through the courts for ordering… - Bank Resolution (Recapitalisation) Act 2025 (c. 15), Sections 1-2 Recapitalisation Payments and Reporting under the Special Resolution Regime
The Bank Resolution (Recapitalisation) Act 2025 amends Part 15 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 to let the Bank of England require the Financial Services Compensation Scheme manager to make a… - Banking Act 1933 Section 21 (Glass-Steagall) - 12 USC 378
Section 378 of title 12 of the United States Code, section 21 of the Banking Act of 1933 (Public Law 73-66, enacted 16 June 1933 - the Glass-Steagall Act), criminalises the simultaneous conduct of securities issuance,… - Banking Act 1970 - Part VII: Powers of Control Over Banks, Etc.
This article mandates that banks must comply with Authority directives on interest rates and investments, facilitate inspections, report adverse developments and potential insolvency, maintain strict customer… - Banks Act 94 of 1990
This Act provides the legal framework for the regulation and supervision of the business of public companies taking deposits from the public in South Africa. It mandates that no person shall conduct the 'business of a… - Basel Committee on Banking Supervision - Disclosure of Cryptoasset Exposures (BCBS d580)
Published by the Basel Committee in July 2024 and to be implemented by 1 January 2026, this standard (DIS55 Cryptoasset exposures) establishes Pillar 3 disclosure requirements for banks' cryptoasset exposures through a… - Basel Committee on Banking Supervision - Principles for the sound management of third-party risk (BCBS d605)
Published by the Basel Committee in December 2025, these twelve principles for the sound management of third-party risk are organised across the life cycle of third-party service provider (TPSP) arrangements -… - Basel III Capital Requirements
Basel III's framework, established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's global regulatory framework and implemented through regulations such as the European Union's CRR and the US Federal Reserve's Regulation… - Basel III Liquidity (LCR)
The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) is a core component of the Basel III post-crisis reform. it ensures that banks maintain an adequate level of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) that can be converted into… - Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems
This document presents the Basel Committee’s reforms to strengthen global capital and liquidity rules with the goal of promoting a more resilient banking sector. The objective of the reforms is to improve the banking… - Basel III: Finalising post-crisis reforms - Operational risk framework (Revised Standardised Approach)
This regulation establishes a single, non-model-based method, the Standardised Approach (SA), for calculating operational risk capital requirements for all internationally active banks. As outlined in the framework… - Basel III: Finalising post-crisis reforms - Standardised approach to credit risk (SA-CR)
This regulation establishes a more granular and risk-sensitive standardised approach (SA-CR) for calculating credit risk capital requirements for internationally active banks. As outlined in Section II, it revises risk… - Basel IV Output Floor
The Basel IV Output Floor is the centerpiece of the 2017 Basel III 'completion' reforms. It limits the reduction in risk-weighted assets (RWA) that can result from a bank's use of internal models by mandating that RWAs… - Basel IV: Capital Floor & Liquidity
The Basel IV framework (the final Basel III reforms) introduces a standardized output floor to prevent banks from using internal models to underestimate risk. It significantly tightens capital requirements for G-SIBs… - BCBS 239 Principles for Effective Risk Data Aggregation and Risk Reporting
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Principles No. 239, published January 2013, establishes 14 principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting applicable to global systemically important banks… - BCBS 248 - Monitoring tools for intraday liquidity management (Basel Committee, April 2013, Consolidated Basel Framework)
BCBS 248 was published by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in April 2013 and has been integrated into the consolidated Basel Framework. It develops seven quantitative monitoring tools, designed in consultation… - Bermuda Monetary Authority Insurance Prudential Standards (Enhanced Capital Requirement, BSCR, and Group Supervision Rules)
This regulation requires Bermuda-based commercial insurers (primarily Class 3B, 4, and insurance groups) to maintain available statutory capital and surplus at or above the Enhanced Capital Requirement (ECR), which is… - BIS Principles (FMI)
The Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMI) are the international standards for the infrastructure that facilitates the clearing, settlement, and recording of monetary and other financial transactions.… - BIS Sound Practices for the Use of AI in Financial Services - Compliance Obligations for AI Model Risk Management, Financial Stability AI Controls, and Supervisory Expectations for Bank AI Governance Frameworks
This node outlines compliance obligations for AI model risk management, financial stability controls, and governance frameworks for banks as per BIS Sound Practices; it aligns with EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689)… - Brazil Central Bank Resolution No. 4,658, of 2018 - Cybersecurity Policy for Financial Institutions
Mandates financial institutions operating in Brazil to establish a comprehensive cybersecurity policy, designate a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), implement incident response and business continuity plans,… - Brazil CMN Resolution 4,966/2021 - Credit Risk Classification and Provisioning (BACEN)
CMN Resolution No. 4,966 of 25 November 2021 (Conselho Monetário Nacional / Banco Central do Brasil) consolidated and replaced CMN Resolution 2,682/1999 as Brazil's primary credit risk classification and minimum… - Brazil PIX Instant Payment System 2020 (BACEN)
Mandates participation in the PIX instant payment system for financial institutions with 500+ active accounts, requiring 24/7/365 transaction clearing, adherence to QR code and PIX alias standards (CPF/CNPJ/phone),… - Canada Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act - Personal and Commercial Insolvency Framework
The Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act establishes Canada's general personal and commercial insolvency framework providing for assignments in bankruptcy, proposals to creditors as a reorganisation alternative, summary… - Canada Investment Canada Act: Net Benefit to Canada Review of Foreign Investment, Reviewable Investments, Notification, Section 25.1 National Security Review, and Offences
The Investment Canada Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 28 (1st Supp.), is the principal Canadian statute governing the review of significant foreign investments in Canada and is administered by the Minister of Innovation, Science… - Canada OSFI Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline - D-SIB Framework and Domestic Stability Buffer
OSFI's Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline implements Basel III for Canadian federally regulated deposit-taking institutions: minimum CET1 ≥7.0% (including 2.5% Capital Conservation Buffer); D-SIB surcharge… - Canada OSFI Guideline B-13 - Technology and Cyber Risk Management for Federally Regulated Financial Institutions
OSFI Guideline B-13 (effective January 2024) establishes technology and cyber risk management expectations for all federally regulated financial institutions (FRFIs) including banks, insurance companies, and federal… - Canada OSFI Guideline B-20 - Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices
OSFI (Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions) Guideline B-20 (Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures, updated January 2018 and revised 2023) establishes supervisory expectations for… - Canada OSFI Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) Guideline 2023
OSFI's Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) Guideline implements Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) for Canadian deposit-taking institutions (DTIs), requiring daily LCR… - Capital Market Law, Royal Decree No. M/30 of 2 June 2003
This law establishes the Saudi Capital Market Authority (CMA) and provides the comprehensive legal framework for the Saudi Arabian capital market, mandating strict prospectus disclosure for securities offerings (Article… - CFPB Personal Financial Data Rights Final Rule - 12 CFR Part 1033 (Section 1033 of CFPA)
The CFPB's Personal Financial Data Rights final rule (12 CFR Part 1033) implements Section 1033 of the Consumer Financial Protection Act and obliges depository and nondepository data providers to make covered consumer… - CFTC Part 49 (Swaps)
Compliance with CFTC Part 49 is predicated on maintaining an active registration as a Swap Data Repository (SDR) pursuant to procedures outlined in 17 CFR § 49.3. A designated Chief Compliance Officer, as mandated by 17… - CHAPS RTGS (Payments)
CHAPS (Clearing House Automated Payment System) is the UK's high-value, real-time gross settlement (RTGS) payment system. it is used for critical financial transactions, such as the interbank house purchases and the… - Climate Disclosures (IFRS S2)
Entities must provide comprehensive disclosures concerning significant climate-related risks and opportunities to meet investor information needs under IFRS S2. This mandate requires a detailed exposition of governance… - Collective Investment Schemes Control Act 45 of 2002
This Act establishes the legal framework for collective investment schemes (CIS) in South Africa, requiring all schemes to be registered with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority (FSCA) and mandating the appointment… - Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/389 of 27 November 2017 supplementing Directive (EU) 2015/2366 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards for strong customer authentication and common and secure open standards of communication
This regulation requires Payment Service Providers (PSPs) in the EU to apply Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) when a customer initiates an electronic payment, accesses their payment account online, or performs any… - Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/389 of 27 November 2017 supplementing Directive (EU) 2015/2366 with regard to regulatory technical standards for strong customer authentication and common and secure open standards of communication
The regulation mandates that every remote electronic payment must be protected by strong customer authentication (SCA) that dynamically links the authentication code to the transaction amount and payee (see paragraph… - Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1772 - Regulatory Technical Standards Specifying the Criteria for the Classification of ICT-Related Incidents and Cyber Threats, Setting Out Materiality Thresholds and Specifying the Details of Reports of Major Incidents (DORA Level 2 RTS, Article 18(4))
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1772 of 13 March 2024 supplements DORA (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554) by setting out regulatory technical standards specifying the criteria for the classification of ICT-related… - Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1773 - Regulatory Technical Standards on the Detailed Content of the Policy Regarding Contractual Arrangements on the Use of ICT Services Supporting Critical or Important Functions Provided by ICT Third-Party Service Providers (DORA Level 2 RTS, Article 28(10))
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1773 of 13 March 2024 supplements DORA (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554) by setting out regulatory technical standards on the detailed content of the policy that financial entities… - Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1774 - Regulatory Technical Standards Specifying ICT Risk Management Tools, Methods, Processes, and Policies and the Simplified ICT Risk Management Framework (DORA Level 2 RTS, Articles 15 and 16(3))
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1774 of 13 March 2024 supplements DORA (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554) by setting out regulatory technical standards on the harmonised ICT risk management framework that financial… - Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/216 of 6 February 2025 laying down technical information for the calculation of technical provisions and basic own funds for reporting with reference dates from 31 December 2024 until 30 March 2025 in accordance with Directive 2009/138/EC
This Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/216, adopted on 6 February 2025, provides technical information for the calculation of technical provisions and basic own funds by insurance and reinsurance undertakings… - Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/302 of 23 October 2024 laying down implementing technical standards for standard forms, templates and procedures for financial entities to report major ICT-related incidents and notify significant cyber threats
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/302 of 23 October 2024 lays down implementing technical standards for the application of Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (DORA). It specifies the standard forms, templates and… - Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/304 laying down standard forms templates and procedures for notification by financial entities of intention to provide crypto-asset services
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/304, adopted on 31 October 2024 and published on 20 February 2025, lays down implementing technical standards for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 regarding… - Companies Act 71 of 2008
This Act modernizes and codifies company law in South Africa, governing the incorporation, management, and dissolution of companies, and establishing the duties and liabilities of directors. It applies to all companies… - Comptroller’s Handbook Asset Management
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) defines asset management as the business of providing financial products or services to a third party for a fee or commission. This guidance applies to the asset… - Comptroller’s Handbook Examination Process Bank Supervision Process
This booklet is the central reference for the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)’s bank supervision policy, explains the OCC’s risk-based bank supervision approach, and discusses the general supervisory… - Council Directive (EU) 2016/1164 of 12 July 2016 laying down rules against tax avoidance practices that directly affect the functioning of the internal market (ATAD1)
This directive establishes minimum standards for EU Member States to counter corporate tax avoidance by implementing five legally binding anti-abuse measures: an interest limitation rule (Article 4), exit taxation… - Council Directive (EU) 2017/1852 of 10 October 2017 on tax dispute resolution mechanisms in the European Union
This directive establishes a mandatory and binding dispute resolution mechanism for tax disputes between EU Member States arising from double taxation agreements. It requires that if a Mutual Agreement Procedure (MAP)… - Council Directive (EU) 2017/952 of 29 May 2017 amending Directive (EU) 2016/1164 as regards hybrid mismatches with third countries
This directive (ATAD2) extends the EU's anti-tax avoidance rules to neutralize hybrid mismatch arrangements involving non-EU countries (third countries). It requires EU Member States to deny tax deductions for payments… - Council Directive (EU) 2021/514 of 22 March 2021 amending Directive 2011/16/EU on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation
Requires digital platform operators to collect, verify, and report information on income earned by sellers for relevant activities to EU Member State tax authorities for automatic exchange. Key due diligence and… - Council Directive (EU) 2022/2523 of 14 December 2022 on ensuring a global minimum level of taxation for multinational enterprise groups and large-scale domestic groups in the Union
This directive implements the OECD's Pillar Two rules, requiring multinational enterprise (MNE) and large-scale domestic groups with annual consolidated revenues of EUR 750 million or more to pay a minimum effective tax… - Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax
This directive establishes the common system of value added tax (VAT) for EU Member States, defining who is a taxable person, what constitutes a taxable transaction (supply of goods/services), the place of supply rules,… - Countering Harmful Tax Practices More Effectively, Taking into Account Transparency and Substance, Action 5 - 2019 Progress Report on Preferential Regimes
This OECD/G20 BEPS initiative requires jurisdictions to ensure preferential tax regimes, especially for Intellectual Property (IP), are linked to substantial economic activity via the 'nexus approach'. As detailed in… - CRD IV - EU Capital Requirements Directive 2013/36/EU (Basel III Implementation)
Directive 2013/36/EU (CRD IV), which entered into force 17 July 2013 and applied from 1 January 2014, implements the Basel III accord within the European Union alongside the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR,… - Cross-Border VAT/GST Calculation Logic
Cross-border VAT/GST calculation logic for services and intangibles operates strictly under the destination principle for business-to-consumer (B2C) supplies, aligning with Chapter 3 of the OECD International VAT/GST… - Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) and Amendments to the Common Reporting Standard
The OECD CARF requires entities and individuals providing services that effectuate exchange transactions in Crypto-Assets (Reporting Crypto-Asset Service Providers or RCASPs) to conduct due diligence on their customers… - Designing Effective Controlled Foreign Company (CFC) Rules, Action 3 - 2015 Final Report
This OECD/G20 BEPS report provides recommendations for jurisdictions to implement effective Controlled Foreign Company (CFC) rules to prevent the artificial shifting of profits to low-tax jurisdictions. It outlines six… - Digital Asset Fair Value (IFRS 13)
IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement establishes a single framework for measuring fair value across all IFRS standards that require or permit fair value measurement, including digital assets, AI-tokenized instruments, and… - Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) - Article 11: Response and recovery
Financial entities must establish and implement a comprehensive ICT business continuity policy and associated plans to ensure the continuity of critical functions and effectively respond to and recover from ICT-related… - Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) - Article 17: ICT-related incident management process
Financial entities must define, establish, and implement a comprehensive ICT-related incident management process to detect, manage, notify, record, and analyze all incidents and significant cyber threats. - Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) - Article 20: Harmonisation of reporting content and templates
This article mandates European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) to develop and submit harmonized technical standards establishing the content, templates, and procedures for financial entities to report major ICT-related… - Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) - Chapter II: ICT Risk Management (Articles 5-16)
Requires EU financial entities to establish and maintain a comprehensive, well-documented ICT risk management framework, as mandated by Article 6. This framework, overseen by the management body (Article 5), must… - Digital Operational Resilience Testing Programme (Articles 24-27) - Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (DORA)
This regulation requires EU financial entities to establish and maintain a comprehensive, risk-based digital operational resilience testing programme to assess preparedness, identify vulnerabilities, and validate… - Directive (EU) 2015/2366 (PSD2) Article 4: Definitions
This article establishes key definitions for capital requirements, payment brands, and co-badging used within the directive, requiring organizations to classify their capital structure and payment instruments… - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market - Article 66: Non-execution or defective or late execution of payment transactions
This article establishes the liability of a payer's payment service provider (PSP) for non-executed, defective, or late payment transactions, mandating a refund and account restoration, and outlines the process for… - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market - Article 73: Value Date and Availability of Funds
This article mandates that payment service providers apply specific value dates for crediting and debiting accounts and ensure funds are made available to the payee immediately after being credited to the provider's… - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market - Article 74: Evidence on authentication and execution of payment transactions
This article requires payment service providers to bear the burden of proof when a user denies authorizing a transaction, mandating they demonstrate proper authentication, recording, and system integrity. - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market - Article 95
Payment service providers must establish and maintain an incident management process to detect, manage, and report major operational or security incidents to their competent authority without undue delay and, where… - Directive (EU) 2015/2366 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on payment services in the internal market, amending Directives 2002/65/EC, 2009/110/EC and 2013/36/EU and Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010, and repealing Directive 2007/64/EC (Text with EEA relevance)
The EU PSD2 Directive mandates strong customer authentication (SCA) for electronic payments, grants third-party providers (AISPs and PISPs) access to bank account data and payment initiation via APIs (XS2A), and applies… - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 63
This article establishes the requirement for payment service providers to apply strong customer authentication measures to enhance the security of electronic payments and protect consumers from fraud. - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 64: Liability for unauthorised payment transactions
This article establishes the liability framework for payment service providers and users concerning unauthorized payment transactions, mandating provider refunds unless payer fraud or gross negligence can be proven. - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 65: Liability for Unauthorised Transactions
This article establishes the payer's limited liability for unauthorised payment transactions, capping it at a specified amount unless the payer acted fraudulently or with gross negligence, and outlines conditions under… - Directive (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 67: Rules on access to payment account in the case of payment initiation services
This article establishes the rules for payment initiation service providers (PISPs), including the prohibition of holding payer funds, requirements for secure communication and data handling, and obligations not to… - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 68: Rules on access to payment account in the case of payment initiation services
This article requires account servicing payment service providers to grant access to payment initiation service providers when a payer gives explicit consent, and it establishes specific security, data handling, and… - Directive (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 72: Refusal of payment orders
This article requires payment service providers to notify users of any refusal to execute a payment order, including the reasons and correction procedures, and prohibits refusal of authorized orders if all contractual… - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 83: Consent and withdrawal of consent
This article requires payment service providers to obtain explicit consent from the payer before executing a payment transaction, to treat transactions without consent as unauthorised, and to provide a mechanism for… - Directive (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 89: Access to payment accounts in the case of payment initiation services
This article requires account servicing payment service providers to grant access to payment initiation service providers when a payer gives explicit consent, and outlines the specific security, data handling, and… - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 94
This article requires payment service providers to establish, implement, and maintain a comprehensive security framework to manage risks associated with electronic payments and adequately protect users. - DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market - Article 97: Security measures
This article requires payment service providers to apply strong customer authentication (SCA) for online account access, electronic payment initiation, and other remote actions that carry a risk of fraud, and to… - Directive (EU) 2015/2366 on payment services in the internal market, Article 96: Management of operational and security risks
This article requires payment service providers to establish, maintain, and annually report on a comprehensive risk management framework, including incident management procedures and regular, independent audits of… - Directive (EU) 2016/2341 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the activities and supervision of institutions for occupational retirement provision (IORPs)
This directive establishes a risk-based supervisory framework for Institutions for Occupational Retirement Provision (IORPs) in the EU, mandating robust governance systems, effective risk management, and enhanced… - Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 on insurance distribution (recast)
The EU Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD) mandates that all distributors of insurance products, including insurers and intermediaries, must act in the customer's best interests (Article 17), implement robust product… - Directive (EU) 2021/2101 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2021 amending Directive 2013/34/EU as regards disclosure of income tax information by certain undertakings and branches
This directive mandates public country-by-country reporting (CbCR) of income tax information for multinational enterprises (MNEs) and standalone undertakings with total consolidated revenue exceeding EUR 750 million in… - Directive (EU) 2024/1619 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2024 amending Directive 2013/36/EU as regards supervisory powers, sanctions, third-country branches, and environmental, social and governance risks, and amending Directive 2014/59/EU
This directive, part of the EU's Basel IV implementation, strengthens bank resilience by refining supervisory powers and introducing explicit requirements for institutions to identify, manage, and disclose short,… - Directive (EU) 2024/1640 (AMLD6) - Mechanisms for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing: FIUs, Beneficial Ownership Registers, Supervision and Cooperation
Directive (EU) 2024/1640 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2024 - the Sixth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD6) - is the directive component of the 2024 EU AML/CFT package alongside Regulation… - Directive 2005/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2005 on reinsurance and amending Council Directives 73/239/EEC, 92/49/EEC as well as Directives 98/78/EC and 2002/83/EC
This directive establishes a harmonised prudential framework for reinsurance undertakings within the European Union, requiring them to obtain a single official authorisation from their home Member State to operate… - Directive 2009/103/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 relating to insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles, and the enforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability, as amended by Directive (EU) 2021/2118
This Directive mandates compulsory third-party liability insurance for all motor vehicles based in the EU, ensuring minimum coverage amounts and establishing mechanisms to protect victims in cases of accidents or… - Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II)
This directive establishes a risk-based capital and governance framework for EU insurance and reinsurance undertakings, requiring them to maintain a Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) and a Minimum Capital Requirement… - Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments - Article 28: Obligation for systematic internalisers to make public firm quotes
This article requires investment firms acting as systematic internalisers to make public firm quotes for liquid shares up to a standard market size and to execute client orders at those quoted prices under specified… - Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments (MiFID II), Article 23: Conflicts of interest
Investment firms must take all appropriate steps to identify, prevent, or manage conflicts of interest, and where these measures are insufficient, they must disclose the nature and sources of such conflicts to clients… - Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments (MiFID II), Article 24: General principles and information to clients
This article requires investment firms to act honestly, fairly, and professionally in the best interests of their clients, providing clear information on services, instruments, costs, and risks, and assessing the… - Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments, Article 17: Algorithmic trading
Investment firms engaging in algorithmic trading must implement effective systems, risk controls, and business continuity arrangements to ensure system resilience, prevent disorderly markets, and comply with regulatory… - Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments, Article 36: Authorisation
This article establishes the core requirements for obtaining and maintaining authorisation as a regulated market, focusing on the legal status, organisational structure, risk management, and fitness of the market… - Directive 2014/65/EU on markets in financial instruments (MiFID II) Article 16: Organisational requirements
This article requires investment firms to establish and maintain robust organisational, administrative, and governance arrangements to ensure compliance with regulations, manage conflicts of interest, and safeguard… - Directive 2014/65/EU on markets in financial instruments (MiFID II), Article 25: Assessment of suitability and appropriateness and reporting to clients
This article requires investment firms to assess the suitability or appropriateness of financial instruments and services for their clients, based on the client's knowledge, experience, financial situation, and… - Directive 2014/65/EU on markets in financial instruments (MiFID II), Article 27: Obligation to execute orders on terms most favourable to the client
Investment firms must take all sufficient steps to obtain the best possible result for their clients when executing orders, considering factors like price, costs, speed, and likelihood of execution. - DIRECTIVE 2014/65/EU on markets in financial instruments, Article 24: General principles and information to clients
This article requires investment firms to act honestly, fairly, and professionally in accordance with the best interests of their clients, ensuring all information provided is fair, clear, and not misleading. - Directive 2014/91/EU (UCITS V) - Depositary Functions, Remuneration Policies and Sanctions
Directive 2014/91/EU (UCITS V) amends the UCITS Directive 2009/65/EC to strengthen the depositary regime, introduce remuneration rules for management companies, and harmonise administrative sanctions. A single… - Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2009/138/EC as regards proportionality, quality of supervision, reporting, long-term guarantee measures, macro-prudential tools, sustainability risks, group and cross-border supervision
This directive amends Solvency II (2009/138/EC) to refine capital requirements and risk management for EU insurers, notably by recalibrating the Volatility Adjustment (VA) to better absorb market shocks (Amending… - Dodd-Frank Volcker Rule 12 CFR Part 248 - Proprietary Trading Prohibition for Banking Entities
Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act (12 U.S.C. § 1851), implemented by 12 C.F.R. Part 248, prohibits banking entities from engaging in proprietary trading and from acquiring or retaining ownership interests in covered… - DORA - EU Digital Operational Resilience Act
Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (DORA - Digital Operational Resilience Act), published December 27, 2022 and directly applicable (no national transposition required) across all EU member states from January 17, 2025,… - DORA ICT Risk Management Requirements Applied to AI Systems in Financial Entities - Compliance Obligations for EU Financial Sector AI Resilience, AI ICT Incident Reporting, and AI Third-Party Risk Under DORA Article 28
This node outlines ICT risk management requirements for AI systems in EU financial entities under DORA Article 28, focusing on resilience, incident reporting, and third-party risk management. Key compliance actions… - DORA ICT Third-Party Risk Management and Oversight - Articles 28-44 (Regulation 2022/2554)
This regulation requires EU financial entities to manage risks associated with ICT third-party service providers by maintaining a register of information, conducting due diligence, and ensuring specific contractual… - EBA Guidelines on ICT and Security Risk Management (EBA/GL/2019/04)
These guidelines require EU financial institutions, including credit institutions, investment firms, and payment service providers, to establish a comprehensive and documented ICT and security risk management framework.… - EBA Guidelines on the Use of Machine Learning for Internal Ratings-Based Models - Compliance Obligations for AI Model Risk Management, ML Validation Controls, and AI Governance for EU Banking Institutions
This node outlines compliance obligations for EU banking institutions under the EBA Guidelines for using machine learning in Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) models, focusing on AI model risk management, validation… - EBA Outsourcing Guidelines
The EBA Guidelines on Outsourcing Arrangements (EBA/GL/2019/02) apply a unified framework for the financial sector across the EU. it specifies the governance and the pre-outsourcing due diligence required for all credit… - ECB Guide (Internal Models)
The ECB Guide to Internal Models (EGIM) provides the foundational standard for the supervised banks in the Eurozone to the use of the 'Internal Ratings Based' (IRB) approach for calculating the regulatory capital. it… - ECB Guide to Internal Models (TRIM) and SREP Pillar 2 Capital Requirements 2023
This guide outlines the European Central Bank's supervisory expectations for banks using internal models to calculate risk-weighted assets (RWAs), specifying how model deficiencies identified during the Targeted Review… - Egmont Group Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) Standards - Information Exchange Requirements, Operational Guidelines, Egmont Secure Web (ESW) SAR Sharing Protocols and FIU Membership Criteria
The Egmont Group establishes standards for its member Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) to facilitate secure, timely, and effective international cooperation in combating money laundering and terrorist financing… - Egypt Central Bank and Banking Sector Law No. 194 of 2020 - Payment Systems, Services and Financial Technology (Part Four)
Law No. 194 of 2020 promulgating the Law of the Central Bank and the Banking Sector is Egypt's comprehensive banking statute (241 articles in seven parts), issued on 15 September 2020 and entering into force the day… - Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) - Fiduciary Duties, Prohibited Transactions, and Reporting Requirements
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) establishes minimum standards for most private industry retirement and health plans, requiring fiduciaries under Title I, Part 4 to act prudently and solely in… - ESMA AI and Machine Learning in Financial Markets - Supervisory Convergence and Compliance Obligations for AI Model Risk in Capital Markets, Algorithmic Trading Governance, and AI Disclosure Requirements
This node outlines ESMA's supervisory convergence framework for AI and machine learning in financial markets, focusing on AI model risk management, algorithmic trading governance under MiFID II, and disclosure… - EU Accounting Directive 2013/34/EU - Annual Financial Statements and Consolidated Accounts Framework
Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings, repealing… - EU AIFMD2 Directive 2024/927 - Loan-Originating Funds & Delegation Rules
Directive 2024/927 (AIFMD2, amending AIFMD 2011/61/EU and UCITS Directive 2009/65/EC) introduces a harmonised EU framework for loan-originating Alternative Investment Funds (LO-AIFs): a 20% diversification limit per… - EU Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) 2011/61/EU & AIFMD II 2024/927
Directive 2011/61/EU governs EU Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMs) - managers of hedge funds, private equity, real estate, and other non-UCITS funds. Sub-threshold exemption: AIFMs with AUM below EUR 100M… - EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive 2014/59 -- Bail-In, MREL, and Resolution Planning
Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD) establishes the EU framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms. Institutions must prepare recovery plans with indicators and options for restoring… - EU Benchmarks Regulation (BMR) 2016/1011 - EURIBOR, IBOR Transition, Critical Benchmark Framework
Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 (BMR) governs the provision of, contribution to, and use of financial benchmarks in the EU. Critical benchmarks (EURIBOR, formerly LIBOR) require NCA authorisation of the administrator.… - EU Benchmarks Regulation 2016/1011 (BMR) - Index Administration and IBOR Reform
EU Regulation 2016/1011 (BMR) establishes the regulatory framework for benchmark administrators and users in the EU. It requires administrators of critical benchmarks (EURIBOR, ESTR, SONIA) and significant benchmarks to… - EU BRRD - Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive 2014/59/EU
Directive 2014/59/EU (BRRD) establishes an EU-wide framework enabling competent authorities to resolve failing credit institutions and investment firms without taxpayer bailout - through bail-in, sale of business,… - EU BRRD2 Directive 2019/879 - MREL, Subordination & Resolution Planning
Directive 2019/879 (BRRD2) amends the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD 2014/59/EU) to implement the FSB Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) standard for G-SIIs and introduce a new Minimum Requirement for… - EU Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) -- Basel III Prudential Standards for Credit Institutions
Regulation (EU) 575/2013 (CRR) implements Basel III prudential requirements for EU credit institutions and investment firms. Minimum capital ratios under Article 92 are: Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) 4.5% of risk-weighted… - EU CCP Recovery and Resolution Regulation 2021/23 - CCP R&R Framework
Regulation (EU) 2021/23 establishes a framework for the recovery and resolution of central counterparties (CCPs). It requires CCPs to maintain recovery plans with loss allocation tools (variation margin gains… - EU Consumer Credit Directive 2023/2225 - BNPL Coverage, AI Scoring Transparency, 14-Day Withdrawal
Directive (EU) 2023/2225 of 18 October 2023 repeals and replaces Directive 2008/48/EC (Consumer Credit Directive). Key changes: scope extended to cover credit agreements from EUR 200 to EUR 100,000 (down from EUR 75,000… - EU Covered Bonds Directive 2019/2162 - European Covered Bond Framework
Directive (EU) 2019/2162 harmonises the legal framework for covered bonds across the EU - defining covered bond structural requirements (dual recourse, dynamic cover pool, special public supervision) to qualify for… - EU CRA Regulation - Credit Rating Agencies Regulation 1060/2009
Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 (CRA Regulation) establishes binding rules for credit rating agencies operating in the EU - requiring registration with ESMA, mandatory disclosure of methodologies, management of conflicts… - EU CRR3 Capital Requirements Regulation 2024/1623 - Basel IV / Output Floor 72.5%
Regulation (EU) 2024/1623 (CRR3) implements the Basel IV reforms in the EU. It introduces a 72.5% output floor limiting the benefit of internal models for capital calculation, revises standardised approaches for credit,… - EU CSDR - Central Securities Depositories Regulation 909/2014
Regulation (EU) No 909/2014 (CSDR) harmonises rules for central securities depositories (CSDs) in the EU - requiring ESMA authorisation, T+2 settlement discipline, mandatory buy-in and cash penalties for settlement… - EU Deposit Guarantee Schemes Directive 2014/49/EU (DGSD)
Directive 2014/49/EU (DGSD) harmonises deposit guarantee schemes (DGS) across the EU - mandating €100,000 per depositor per institution coverage, 7-business-day payout deadlines (phased to 2024), target fund levels of… - EU DORA Regulation 2022/2554 - Digital Operational Resilience for Financial Sector Entities
Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 (Digital Operational Resilience Act, DORA) became applicable on 17 January 2025. It imposes ICT risk management, incident reporting, digital operational resilience testing, and third-party ICT… - EU E-Money Directive 2009/110/EC - Second E-Money Directive (EMD2) Electronic Money Institution Framework
Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on the taking up, pursuit and prudential supervision of the business of electronic money institutions (the Second E-Money… - EU EBA SREP Guidelines 2018 (EBA/GL/2018/03) - Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process
The European Banking Authority's SREP Guidelines (EBA/GL/2018/03, updated 2023) establish a common EU-wide methodology for competent authorities to assess banks' business model viability, internal governance, capital… - EU Electronic Money Directive 2009/110 (EMD2)
Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, in force 30 October 2009 with Member State transposition required by 30 April 2011, establishes the authorisation regime for electronic money… - EU EMIR - European Market Infrastructure Regulation 648/2012
Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (EMIR) mandates central clearing of standardised OTC derivatives through authorised CCPs, bilateral risk mitigation for non-cleared trades, and trade reporting to registered trade… - EU EMIR Refit Regulation 2019/834 - Streamlined Derivatives Reporting & Pension Exemption
Regulation 2019/834 (EMIR Refit) amends EMIR 648/2012 to reduce disproportionate compliance burdens. Key changes: small financial counterparties (SFCs, below EMIR clearing thresholds) are exempt from clearing… - EU EMIR Regulation 648/2012 - OTC Derivatives Clearing, Reporting & Risk Mitigation
EMIR Regulation 648/2012 requires central clearing of standardised OTC derivatives by CCPs, bilateral risk mitigation for non-cleared derivatives, and reporting of all derivative contracts to trade repositories -… - EU ESMA Regulation 1095/2010 - European Securities and Markets Authority Powers & Supervisory Convergence
Regulation 1095/2010 established the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) as the EU supervisory authority for securities and capital markets. ESMA has binding direct supervisory authority over: credit rating… - EU ESRB Regulation 1092/2010 - European Systemic Risk Board Macro-Prudential Framework
Regulation (EU) 1092/2010 establishes the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) responsible for macro-prudential oversight of the EU financial system. The ESRB monitors systemic risk, issues risk warnings and… - EU European Crowdfunding Service Providers Regulation (ECSPR) 2020/1503 - EUR 5M Threshold, KIIS, EU Passport
Regulation (EU) 2020/1503 (ECSPR) creates a harmonised EU framework for crowdfunding platforms facilitating business financing. Crowdfunding Service Providers (CSPs) must be authorised by their home NCA (Article 12) and… - EU Financial Conglomerates Directive 2002/87 (FICOD) - Supplementary Supervision
Directive 2002/87/EC (FICOD) establishes supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings, and investment firms that form part of a financial conglomerate - a group with significant cross-sector… - EU Instant Payments Regulation 2024/886 - Mandatory SCT Inst, 10-Second Execution
Regulation (EU) 2024/886 amends the SEPA Regulation (260/2012) to make instant credit transfers in euros mandatory for all EU PSPs. PSPs must be able to send and receive instant payments within 10 seconds, 24/7/365, and… - EU Interchange Fees Regulation 2015/751 - 0.2%/0.3% Interchange Fee Caps
Regulation (EU) 2015/751 caps interchange fees for consumer card-based payment transactions: 0.2% of transaction value for debit cards and 0.3% for credit cards. It prohibits unilateral limitations on acquirer… - EU Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book (IRRBB) - BCBS Standards 368 and EBA Guidelines
IRRBB standards (BCBS April 2016 and EBA/GL/2018/02) require banks to measure, manage, and report interest rate risk in the banking book using Economic Value of Equity (EVE) and Net Interest Income (NII) metrics under 6… - EU Investment Firm Regulation (IFR) 2019/2033 - K-Factor Capital Requirements
Regulation (EU) 2019/2033 establishes a bespoke prudential regime for EU investment firms, replacing CRR/CRD IV for most investment firms. It introduces three firm classes, K-factor capital requirements calibrated to… - EU Large Exposures Framework - CRR Articles 387-403
EU CRR Articles 387-403 cap a credit institution's exposure to any single client or connected clients group at 25% of eligible capital (15% for G-SIIs and O-SIIs on an intra-financial-sector basis); large exposures…
+ 403 more nodes in this pillar — see the full registry at /intelligence or the discovery index at /api/v1/nodes/index.json.