What CITES 1973 - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora requires
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), signed on 3 March 1973 in Washington D.C. and entered into force 1 July 1975, has 183 Parties and is the international treaty governing trade in wildlife specimens to prevent overexploitation. CITES regulates trade through a three-tiered Appendix system: Appendix I (>37,000 species - threatened with extinction; commercial trade generally prohibited; trade only for non-commercial purposes with export and import permits); Appendix II (>35,000 species - not necessarily threatened but trade must be controlled to avoid threatening survival; requires export permit showing trade does not threaten survival - 'non-detriment finding'); Appendix III (species listed by individual countries for cooperation in controlling trade from that country). The Conference of the Parties (COP) meets every 3 years to amend Appendices; the most recent COP19 (Panama City, November 2022) listed 600+ species. Major commercial wildlife products requiring CITES permits include: ivory (elephant - Appendix I with specific exceptions), rhinoceros horn (Appendix I), tigers (Appendix I), pangolins (all 8 species Appendix I), tropical timber species (mahogany, rosewood - Appendix II and III), marine species (sharks, manta rays, seahorses, sea cucumbers - Appendix II), caviar (sturgeons - Appendix I and II), orchids, and cacti. Violations of CITES are a leading cause of wildlife trafficking prosecution and may give rise to criminal liability under national implementing law. The EU Wildlife Trade Regulations (Regulations 338/97 and 750/2021) implement CITES in the EU and in some areas apply stricter controls. Supply chain due diligence and CITES permit verification are mandatory for businesses trading in listed species and their derivatives.
Pillar: Sustainability & ESG · Authority: CITES Secretariat - United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Geneva · Version: 1.0.1 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/disc/CITES-Convention-EN.pdf
SHA-256 integrity: f5ef972909b78954c1172cee895bf863b2a206b7a9024b2cd22c575181fa29e3
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
+ 5 more citations (full bibliography, deterministic workflow, actionable schema and crosswalks) included in the vault unlock — $0.01 via Skyfire / L402 / Direct Base USDC.
Access
- Discovery (free): /api/v1/nodes/cites-convention-1973-endangered-species-trade.json — 6-field metadata
- Vault (full node): /api/v1/vault/nodes/cites-convention-1973-endangered-species-trade.json — full 13-key payload, $0.01 USDC (L402/Skyfire/Direct Base)
- Canonical URL: https://bidda.com/intelligence/cites-convention-1973-endangered-species-trade
- Back to registry: Browse all 10,099 compliance nodes