What Hague-Visby Rules 1968 - Carrier Liability Under Bills of Lading and Package Limitations of Liability requires
The Hague-Visby Rules consist of the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading (Hague Rules), adopted at Brussels on 25 August 1924 and entered into force on 2 June 1931, as amended by the 1968 Protocol (Visby Protocol, entered into force 23 June 1977) and the 1979 Protocol (SDR Protocol, entered into force 14 February 1984). The Hague-Visby Rules constitute the most widely applied international regime governing the rights and obligations of carriers and cargo interests under bills of lading. Article III(1) imposes on the carrier the obligation to exercise due diligence before and at the beginning of the voyage to make the ship seaworthy, properly man, equip and supply the ship, and make the holds fit for the cargo. Article III(2) requires properly and carefully loading, handling, stowing, carrying, keeping, caring for, and discharging the cargo. Article IV(2) establishes seventeen catalogued exceptions to liability including act, neglect or default of the master in navigation or management of the ship (the historic 'nautical fault' exemption preserved by Hague-Visby but eliminated by competing Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules regimes). Article IV(5)(a) limits carrier liability to 666.67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 SDR per kilogram of gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whichever is higher.
Pillar: Maritime & Shipping · Authority: Comite Maritime International (CMI) as expert organisation maintaining and developing maritime law; UNCITRAL on international trade law and competing Rotterdam Rules; Member State courts as primary enforcement venues; domestic carriage of goods by sea legislation · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/19/contents
SHA-256 integrity: b410fabc494dfe79f6afbfdf92b1bb54603a2bb615f57c3bc70266513a88983e
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
- International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading (Hague Rules), adopted Brussels 25 August 1924, entered into force 2 June 1931; 120 LNTS 155 - Article III(1) seaworthiness, III(2) cargo care, III(3) bill of lading issuance, III(6) time bar, IV(2) exemptions, IV(5) package limitation
- Protocol to amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading (Visby Protocol), adopted Brussels 23 February 1968, entered into force 23 June 1977 - introduces SDR package limitation framework and modifies certain provisions; with Hague Rules forms Hague-Visby Rules
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