What India Aadhaar Act 2016 and Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 as the UIDAI Digital Identity Framework requires
India's national digital identity framework is anchored in two statutes administered by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) through the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI). The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act 2016 establishes the Aadhaar number, the central identity data repository, and the authentication regime under Section 4 to Section 8. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 supplies the data protection overlay for any personal data processing including biometric and demographic Aadhaar attributes, requiring consent or specified legitimate use under Sections 5 to 7 and imposing data fiduciary obligations under Chapter 2. The Aadhaar architecture covers enrollment under Section 3, authentication services under Section 8, offline verification using virtual identifier (VID) under regulations made under Section 4(3), and protection of identity information under Section 28. Section 29 governs restriction on sharing of identity information. The Supreme Court of India's 2018 Puttaswamy judgment confirmed Aadhaar's constitutional validity for welfare delivery but read down Section 57 to prohibit mandatory private-sector authentication absent specific legal backing. The DPDP Act 2023 imposes purpose limitation, data minimisation, accuracy, storage limitation, security safeguards, and breach notification obligations on UIDAI and all Aadhaar-using data fiduciaries, with the Data Protection Board of India as the enforcement authority.
Pillar: Data Protection & Privacy · Authority: Unique Identification Authority of India and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://www.indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/2153
SHA-256 integrity: b62ecbc8688f51aebe519171980e9e3ee62b9b3386f4ebd4464cc22760728bb8
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
- Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act 2016 (India) - establishes the Aadhaar number, the Central Identities Data Repository, and the authentication regime administered by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI).
- Aadhaar Act 2016 - enrollment requires submission of demographic and biometric information of the resident.
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