What UN Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction - BBNJ 2023 (High Seas Treaty) requires
The BBNJ Agreement (adopted June 2023, 106+ signatures as of April 2026, not yet in force - requires 60 ratifications) establishes the first comprehensive international legal framework for conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ - high seas and the seabed beyond national limits); it mandates Environmental Impact Assessments for activities in ABNJ (Article 22-35), creates access and benefit-sharing obligations for marine genetic resources (Article 10-16), establishes area-based management tools (ABMT/MPAs) under Article 17-21, and includes capacity-building and technology transfer provisions (Article 43-51) - creating major new compliance obligations for maritime operators, deep-sea mining entities, pharmaceutical and biotech companies exploiting marine genetic resources, and shipping companies.
Pillar: Maritime & Shipping · Authority: United Nations - Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS); Conference of the Parties to BBNJ (COP-BBNJ, first session expected 2025-2026) · Version: 1.0.1 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI-10&chapter=21&clang=_en
SHA-256 integrity: 1f7577389e8ec73f69e40ada3700913bdb5a9767158300a48e50490841eca59e
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
- Agreement under UNCLOS on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction - UN Doc A/CONF.232/2023/4, adopted 19 June 2023
- UN General Assembly Resolution 77/312 - Intergovernmental Conference on BBNJ Outcomes, 4 August 2022 mandating 5th Session
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