What UN Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction - BBNJ 2023 (High Seas Treaty) requires
The BBNJ Agreement (adopted June 2023, 106+ signatures as of April 2026, not yet in force - requires 60 ratifications) establishes the first comprehensive international legal framework for conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ - high seas and the seabed beyond national limits); it mandates Environmental Impact Assessments for activities in ABNJ (Article 22-35), creates access and benefit-sharing obligations for marine genetic resources (Article 10-16), establishes area-based management tools (ABMT/MPAs) under Article 17-21, and includes capacity-building and technology transfer provisions (Article 43-51) - creating major new compliance obligations for maritime operators, deep-sea mining entities, pharmaceutical and biotech companies exploiting marine genetic resources, and shipping companies.
Pillar: Maritime & Shipping · Authority: United Nations - Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS); Conference of the Parties to BBNJ (COP-BBNJ, first session expected 2025-2026) · Version: 1.0.1 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI-10&chapter=21&clang=_en
SHA-256 integrity: 9f79fe90b368e9cda5bbde33f66e23a88ee4ad59d87f69e871e8bd2cc073d403
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
- {"title":"Agreement under UNCLOS on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction - UN Doc A/CONF.232/2023/4, adopted 19 June 2023","url":"https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI-10&chapter=21&clang=_en","jurisdiction":"International - 106+ signatures as of April 2026; not yet in force (requires 60 ratifications); third implementing agreement under UNCLOS","key_provisions":"Article 1: definitions - marine genetic resources (any material of marine plant, animal, microbial or other origin in ABNJ with actual or potential value), ABNJ (high seas and the Area beyond national jurisdiction); Part II Articles 10-16: marine genetic resources and benefit sharing - access and benefit-sharing obligations, clearing-house mechanism notification, Fair and Equitable Access and Sharing (FRAS) standards; Part III Articles 17-21: area-based management tools - proposals, establishment, monitoring of ABMTs/MPAs in ABNJ; Part IV Articles 22-35: environmental impact assessments - screening (Art 24), scoping (Art 25), EIA report (Art 27), public consultation (Art 28), monitoring (Art 35); Part V Articles 43-51: capacity building and marine technology transfer"}
- {"title":"UN General Assembly Resolution 77/312 - Intergovernmental Conference on BBNJ Outcomes, 4 August 2022 mandating 5th Session","url":"https://undocs.org/A/RES/77/312","jurisdiction":"UN General Assembly - unanimous adoption","key_provisions":"Authorises continuation of intergovernmental negotiations to conclude the BBNJ treaty; sets mandate for comprehensive package covering four themes: MGR with ABS, ABMTs including MPAs, EIAs, and capacity building/technology transfer; resulted in final adoption at resumed 5th session on 19 June 2023 - first new implementing agreement under UNCLOS since 1994 Deep Seabed Mining Agreement"}
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