What Jackson-Vanik Amendment - 19 USC 2432 Trade Act 1974 Title IV requires
Section 2432 of title 19 of the United States Code, the Jackson-Vanik Amendment to Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-618), conditions normal trade relations (NTR, formerly most-favored-nation) treatment and US government credit and credit guarantees for non-market economy countries on those countries' emigration policies and human rights performance. The Amendment was enacted to pressure the Soviet Union and other non-market economies to permit Jewish and other minority emigration. Subsection 2432(a) provides that no non-market economy country shall be eligible to receive NTR treatment, participate in US government credit or credit guarantee programs, or have the President conclude a commercial agreement, with respect to any product, unless the President determines the country does not deny its citizens the right or opportunity to emigrate, does not impose more than a nominal tax on emigration, or does not impose more than a nominal tax, levy, fine, or charge on any citizen as a consequence of the desire of such citizen to emigrate. Subsection 2432(b) authorises the President to recommend annual waivers based on substantial promotion of free emigration. Subsection 2432(c) sets out the congressional joint resolution process for disapproval. Jackson-Vanik has been graduated for most former Soviet-bloc countries and is now narrowly applied; Russia was graduated by the Magnitsky Act in 2012, leaving Belarus, North Korea, Cuba, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan among the few remaining countries subject to ongoing waiver review.
Pillar: Trade Compliance & Export Controls · Authority: United States Congress (Office of the Law Revision Counsel) · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/19/2432
SHA-256 integrity: 9cdfb107be4199afc1b27ce57c47bc3daa742ce5d492df7cf84955719c0135aa
Primary Citations — 8 traced to source
- 19 USC 2432 (Freedom of emigration, Jackson-Vanik Amendment) https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/19/2432
- Trade Act of 1974, Public Law 93-618 https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1978.pdf
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