What Canada Migratory Birds Convention Act 1994: Protection, Permits and Harmful-Deposit Prohibition requires
The Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (S.C. 1994, c. 22) implements Canada's obligations under the Migratory Birds Convention with the United States and is administered by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). Section 4 states its purpose: to protect and conserve migratory birds - as populations and as individual birds - and their nests. Section 2 defines 'migratory bird' (including sperm, eggs, embryos, tissue cultures and parts of the bird) and 'deposit' (discharging, spraying, releasing, spilling, leaking, seeping, pouring, emitting, emptying, throwing, dumping or placing). Section 5 prohibits, without lawful excuse, possessing a migratory bird or nest, and buying, selling, exchanging or otherwise dealing in migratory birds or nests except as authorized under the regulations. Section 5.1 prohibits depositing, or permitting the deposit of, a substance that is harmful to migratory birds in waters or areas frequented by them. The Governor in Council may make regulations granting permits and setting bag limits, hunting seasons and possession rules (section 12). Game officers have the powers of a peace officer, including arrest, and may inspect places, examine data systems, seize things and board vessels in Canadian waters or the exclusive economic zone (sections 6-7); vessels may be detained where a section 5.1 offence is suspected (section 8.1); seized things are forfeited to His Majesty where ownership cannot be ascertained within 30 days (section 9) and disposed of as the Minister directs (section 10). Compliance-order procedures allow officers to direct persons to cease a contravention or take remedial measures (sections 11.21-11.29). Offences carry substantial penalties under section 13: for an individual on indictment, a minimum $15,000 and maximum $1,000,000 (and up to three years' imprisonment) for a first offence; for other persons (such as corporations) on indictment, a minimum $500,000 and maximum $6,000,000 for a first offence, with higher minimums and maximums for subsequent offences.
Pillar: Water & Environmental Resources · Authority: Parliament of Canada / Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/M-7.01/FullText.html
SHA-256 integrity: 449faac3e7ca3351a4097e26bf2699e2567c3d1a2488cf0233d79e513dd21a07
Primary Citations — 8 traced to source
- Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, S.C. 1994, c. 22, Section 4 - purpose: protect and conserve migratory birds and their nests; Section 2 - definitions of migratory bird and deposit.
- Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, Section 5 - prohibition on possessing migratory birds or nests without lawful excuse and on dealing in them except as authorized.
+ 6 more citations (full bibliography, deterministic workflow, actionable schema and crosswalks) included in the vault unlock — $0.01 via Skyfire / L402 / Direct Base USDC.
Access
- Discovery (free): /api/v1/nodes/canada-migratory-birds-convention-act-1994.json — 6-field metadata
- Vault (full node): /api/v1/vault/nodes/canada-migratory-birds-convention-act-1994.json — full 13-key payload, $0.01 USDC (L402/Skyfire/Direct Base)
- Canonical URL: https://bidda.com/intelligence/canada-migratory-birds-convention-act-1994
- Back to registry: Browse all 10,090 compliance nodes