Water & Environmental Resources — 135 Nodes
- 40 CFR Part 141 - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (EPA)
EPA 40 CFR Part 141 sets the legally enforceable national primary drinking water regulations for public water systems, fixing maximum contaminant levels and treatment techniques for inorganic, organic, microbial, lead… - 40 CFR Part 265 - Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (RCRA)
40 CFR Part 265 sets minimum national standards for the acceptable management of hazardous waste at treatment, storage, and disposal facilities operating under RCRA interim status, until a permit is issued or closure… - 40 CFR Part 403 - General Pretreatment Regulations for Existing and New Sources of Pollution
EPA 40 CFR Part 403 establishes the general pretreatment regulations under the Clean Water Act, prohibiting industrial users from introducing pollutants that pass through or interfere with a publicly owned treatment… - 40 CFR Part 503 - Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge (Biosolids)
EPA 40 CFR Part 503 sets the standards for the use or disposal of sewage sludge, requiring preparers and appliers to meet the general requirements and any exclusions, conduct sampling and analysis, satisfy the pollutant… - AU Water Act 2007
The AU Water Act 2007 (Cth) provides the federal framework for water resource management in Australia. The Act establishes the Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) as an independent statutory body; provides for the… - Australia Water Act 2007 - Murray-Darling Basin Plan and Water Access Entitlement Framework
The Water Act 2007 (Cth) established the Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) and the legal framework for the Murray-Darling Basin Plan. The Murray-Darling Basin - spanning Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South… - Brazil National Water Resources Policy Law 9.433/1997 - ANA Water Rights and River Basin Committee Framework
Brazil's Lei 9.433 de 8 de janeiro de 1997 (Politica Nacional de Recursos Hidricos - PNRH) establishes the National Water Resources Policy and the National Water Resources Management System (SINGREH). Water is a public… - CA Species at Risk Act 2002
The Canadian Species at Risk Act (SARA) is the federal legislation providing for protection and recovery of species at risk of extinction including endangered threatened and special concern species. Listings are… - Canada Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act: The 2050 Net-Zero Target, Milestone Targets and the Accountability Cycle
The Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act (S.C. 2021, c. 22) establishes a legislated framework requiring Canada to achieve net-zero greenhouse-gas emissions by 2050 and binds the federal government to a… - Canada Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA): Toxic Substances, Pollution Prevention and Offences
The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA, S.C. 1999, c. 33) is Canada's principal federal pollution-prevention and toxic-substances statute, administered jointly by the Minister of the Environment and the… - Canada Fisheries Act: Fish and Fish Habitat Protection and the Deleterious-Substance Prohibition
The Fisheries Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. F-14), as substantially amended in 2019, is Canada's principal federal statute for the management of fisheries and the conservation and protection of fish and fish habitat,… - Canada Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act: Federal Carbon Backstop, Fuel Charge and Output-Based Pricing System
The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act (S.C. 2018, c. 12, s. 186) establishes Canada's federal carbon-pricing backstop, applying a price on greenhouse-gas emissions in provinces and areas that do not have an… - Canada Impact Assessment Act: Designated Projects, the Section 7 Prohibition and the Public-Interest Decision
The Impact Assessment Act (S.C. 2019, c. 28, s. 1) establishes Canada's federal impact-assessment regime for major projects, administered by the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada. Section 6 sets out the purposes,… - Canada International River Improvements Act: Licensing of Works on Rivers Flowing Out of Canada
The International River Improvements Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. I-20) controls the construction, operation and maintenance of works that alter the flow of rivers flowing from Canada to places outside Canada, administered by… - Canada Migratory Birds Convention Act 1994: Protection, Permits and Harmful-Deposit Prohibition
The Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (S.C. 1994, c. 22) implements Canada's obligations under the Migratory Birds Convention with the United States and is administered by Environment and Climate Change Canada… - Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act: Establishment, Management Plans and the Prohibition on Hydrocarbon and Mineral Exploitation
The Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act (S.C. 2002, c. 18) provides for the establishment and management of a system of national marine conservation areas representative of Canada's oceans and Great Lakes,… - Canada National Parks Act: Ecological Integrity, Land Protection and Wildlife Offences
The Canada National Parks Act (S.C. 2000, c. 32) governs the establishment, protection and management of Canada's national parks, administered by the Parks Canada Agency. Section 4(1) dedicates the national parks to the… - Canada Oceans Act: Maritime Zones, Integrated Management and Marine Protected Areas
The Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) establishes Canada's maritime zones in domestic law and gives the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans the lead role in the integrated management and conservation of Canada's estuarine,… - Canada Species at Risk Act (SARA): Listing, General Prohibitions and Critical Habitat Protection
The Species at Risk Act (S.C. 2002, c. 29), known as SARA, is Canada's federal biodiversity-protection statute, administered chiefly by Environment and Climate Change Canada with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans… - Canada Water Act and Fisheries Act Section 36 - Federal Water Pollution Prevention and Deleterious Substances Prohibition
Federal water pollution control in Canada operates through two principal statutes. The Canada Water Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-11) provides for management of water resources of Canada, particularly in waters where there is… - Canada Water Act: Water Quality Management Areas and the Waste-Deposit Prohibition
The Canada Water Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-11) provides for the management of Canada's water resources, including research, planning and the implementation of programs, administered by Environment and Climate Change Canada… - Canada Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act (WAPPRIITA): CITES Implementation, Permits and Trade Prohibitions
The Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act (WAPPRIITA, S.C. 1992, c. 52) is Canada's statute implementing the Convention on International Trade in Endangered… - Canada Wildlife Act: National Wildlife Areas, Marine Protected Areas and Species Protection
The Canada Wildlife Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. W-9) authorizes the federal government to undertake wildlife research, conservation and interpretation, and to create and manage protected areas, administered by Environment and… - Canadian Navigable Waters Act: Approval of Works, Obstructions and Protection of Navigation
The Canadian Navigable Waters Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. N-22), formerly the Navigation Protection Act, protects the public right of navigation on navigable waters, administered by Transport Canada. Section 2 defines… - Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste-water treatment and discharge
The Council Directive 91/271/EEC, adopted on 21 May 1991 and published in the Official Journal L 135 on 30 May 1991, governs the collection, treatment, and discharge of urban waste water, as well as the treatment and… - Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources
This EU Directive requires Member States to reduce and prevent water pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. Member States must identify waters affected by pollution or that could be affected, using… - Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora; establishing the Natura 2000 network
Council Directive 92/43/EEC, adopted 21 May 1992, establishes a framework for the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora within the European territory of Member States to which the Treaty applies,… - Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption (recast)
Directive (EU) 2020/2184 recasts Council Directive 98/83/EC to protect human health from contamination of water intended for human consumption and to improve access to such water across the Union. It lays down minimum… - Directive (EU) 2025/2360 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 November 2025 on soil monitoring and resilience (Soil Monitoring Directive)
This Directive establishes a framework for soil monitoring and the resilience of soils, with the objective of achieving healthy soils across the Union (Articles 1 and 2). Member States must establish soil districts and… - Directive 2006/118/EC on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration
This Directive establishes specific measures under Article 17(1) and (2) of Directive 2000/60/EC to prevent and control groundwater pollution. It includes criteria for assessing good groundwater chemical status using… - Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the assessment and management of flood risks
The EU Floods Directive 2007/60/EC establishes a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks to reduce adverse consequences for human health, the environment, cultural heritage, and economic activity. It… - Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives
Directive 2008/98/EC establishes the legal framework for waste management in the EU, aiming to protect the environment and human health by preventing or reducing the adverse impacts of waste generation and management… - Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions - integrated pollution prevention and control - recast
Directive 2010/75/EU establishes an integrated approach to pollution prevention and control for industrial activities, requiring that no installation, combustion plant, waste incineration plant, or waste co-incineration… - Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, dated 13 December 2011, codifies and replaces Council Directive 85/337/EEC concerning the assessment of the effects of certain public and private… - Environmental Liability Act (Umwelthaftungsgesetz - UmweltHG)
This Act imposes strict liability on the operator of a listed installation for death, personal injury or property damage caused by an environmental impact emanating from the installation (Section 1), including from… - Environmental Liability Directive 2004/35/EC: Preventing and Remedying Environmental Damage via Polluter Pays
Directive 2004/35/EC establishes a framework for environmental liability based on the polluter-pays principle to prevent and remedy environmental damage. Environmental damage is defined as damage to protected species… - EPA Coal Combustion Residuals - Legacy CCR Surface Impoundments and CCR Management Units (40 CFR Part 257, Subpart D)
Under 40 CFR Part 257 Subpart D, legacy CCR surface impoundments are subject to the requirements applicable to existing CCR surface impoundments (except the location and certain liner criteria), all CCR units are… - EU Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC
EU Directive 2008/50/EC (the Ambient Air Quality Directive) establishes a framework for assessment and management of ambient air quality across the EU. It sets limit values for major pollutants (sulphur dioxide,… - EU Bathing Water Directive 2006/7/EC - Bathing Water Classification, Management Measures and Public Information
Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the management of bathing water quality (revised Bathing Water Directive, BWD) replaced the original 1976 Directive 76/160/EEC with risk-based… - EU Bathing Water Directive 2006/7/EC concerning management of bathing water quality and classification
This Directive lays down provisions for the monitoring, classification, management, and public information concerning bathing water quality across EU Member States. It applies to any surface water element where a… - EU Birds Directive 2009/147/EC
EU Directive 2009/147/EC (the Birds Directive) provides for the conservation of all species of naturally occurring birds in the wild state in the European territory of EU Member States. It codifies the 1979 Birds… - EU Floods Directive 2007/60/EC - Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment, Flood Hazard Maps and Flood Risk Management Plans
Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the assessment and management of flood risks (the Floods Directive) establishes a framework for Member States to assess and manage flood risks aimed… - EU Groundwater Directive 2006/118/EC - Groundwater Quality Standards, Pollution Prevention and Trend Reversal
Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration (the Groundwater Directive, GWD) is a daughter directive of the Water Framework… - EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC - Good Environmental Status, 11 Descriptors and Marine Strategy Cycle
Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive, MSFD) is the integrative… - EU Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC - Nitrate Vulnerable Zones, Action Programmes and Code of Good Agricultural Practice
Council Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources (Nitrates Directive) is one of the earliest pieces of EU water legislation and remains a… - EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS)
EU Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS recast) restricts the use of ten hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) placed on the EU market: lead mercury cadmium hexavalent chromium polybrominated biphenyls… - EU Seveso III Directive 2012/18/EU on control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances
Directive 2012/18/EU (Seveso III) establishes rules for the prevention of major accidents involving dangerous substances and the limitation of their consequences for human health and the environment across the European… - EU Single-Use Plastics Directive 2019/904
EU Directive 2019/904 (the Single-Use Plastics Directive, SUPD) addresses single-use plastic items and fishing gear that frequently appear in marine litter. The Directive bans certain products from 3 July 2021 (cotton… - EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (Revised) 2024/3019 - Quaternary Treatment, Energy Neutrality and Extended Producer Responsibility
Directive (EU) 2024/3019 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2024 concerning urban wastewater treatment (recast UWWTD) replaces the 1991 Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and… - EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC - River Basin Management and Good Water Status
EU Directive 2000/60/EC establishes a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Member States must achieve 'good status' for all surface waters and groundwaters by 2027 through River Basin Management… - EU Water Reuse Regulation 2020/741 - Minimum Requirements for Reclaimed Water in Agricultural Irrigation
EU Regulation 2020/741 establishes minimum water quality requirements for reclaimed water used in agricultural irrigation and groundwater recharge, applying from 26 June 2023. The Regulation introduces a risk management… - Germany Water Management Act 2009 (Wasserhaushaltsgesetz) - Federal Water Permitting and EU WFD Implementation
Germany's Wasserhaushaltsgesetz (WHG - Water Management Act), BGBl. I S. 2585 of 31 July 2009 (as amended), is the federal framework statute for water protection and use. The WHG transposes the EU Water Framework… - HELCOM Helsinki Convention 1992 - Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, Baltic Sea Action Plan and Recommendations
The Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area (1992 Helsinki Convention) was signed at Helsinki on 9 April 1992 and entered into force on 17 January 2000, replacing the original 1974… - ICPR Bern Convention 1999 - International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine, Rhine 2040 Programme and Sustainable Development
The Convention on the Protection of the Rhine, signed at Bern on 12 April 1999 and entered into force on 1 January 2003, is the foundational treaty governing transboundary cooperation on the Rhine River basin among the… - India Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 - CPCB Consent to Operate Framework
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 (Water Act) is India's foundational water pollution statute. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) were… - Ireland Water Services Act 2007 - Statutory Framework for Public Water and Wastewater Services, Polluter Pays and Drinking Water Standards
The Water Services Act 2007 (Number 30 of 2007, signed by President 14 May 2007 and commenced by Ministerial Orders) is the principal Irish statute governing the planning, management, and regulation of public and… - Kenya Water Act 2016 - WRA Water Permits and WASREB Service Regulation Framework
Kenya's Water Act (No. 43 of 2016) repeals and replaces the Water Act of 2002 and devolves water functions per the 2010 Constitution. The Water Resources Authority (WRA) regulates water resources and issues water… - Mekong River Commission 1995 Agreement - Sustainable Development Cooperation, PNPCA Notification and Basin Development Plan
The Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin, signed at Chiang Rai on 5 April 1995, establishes the Mekong River Commission (MRC) and the framework for transboundary… - Mexico Ley de Aguas Nacionales 1992 - CONAGUA Concession and Water Rights Framework
Mexico's Ley de Aguas Nacionales (LAN, DOF 1 de diciembre de 1992, as amended) governs national waters (aguas nacionales) as federal public property under Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution. CONAGUA (Comision… - NZ Conservation Act 1987
The NZ Conservation Act 1987 establishes the Department of Conservation (Te Papa Atawhai) as the lead agency for conservation of New Zealand's natural and historic heritage. The Act administers conservation land… - OSPAR Convention 1992 - Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, Annexes and Regional Strategies
The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention), signed in Paris on 22 September 1992 and entered into force on 25 March 1998, is the regional treaty governing… - Ramsar Convention 1971 - Wetlands of International Importance, Wise Use Obligation and Montreux Record
The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), adopted in Ramsar, Iran on 2 February 1971 and entering into force on 21 December 1975, is the oldest of the… - Regulation (EU) 2025/2365 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 November 2025 on preventing plastic pellet losses to reduce microplastic pollution
This Regulation lays down requirements for the handling of plastic pellets at installations and in transport to prevent and reduce losses of plastic pellets to the environment (Article 1). It imposes general obligations… - Singapore Public Utilities Act (Cap. 261) - PUB Four National Taps and Water Security Framework
Singapore's Public Utilities Act (Cap. 261, 2002 Revised Edition) establishes PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency, with regulatory authority over water supply, sewerage and drainage. Singapore's water security is… - South Africa National Water Act 36 of 1998 - DWS Water Use Licensing and Catchment Management Framework
The National Water Act 36 of 1998 (NWA) is South Africa's primary water law, replacing the Water Act 54 of 1956. The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) administers the Act. The NWA declares water a public resource… - UK Clean Air Act 1993: Dark Smoke, Furnace Emissions and Smoke Control Areas
The Clean Air Act 1993 (c. 11) consolidates the UK's air pollution controls over smoke, grit, dust and fumes, enforced principally by local authorities under DEFRA policy. Part I prohibits the emission of dark smoke:… - UK Commons Act 2006 (c.26): Registration of Common Land and Town or Village Greens and Protection from Works
The Commons Act 2006 (c. 26) reforms the law relating to common land and town or village greens in England and Wales, providing for the maintenance and updating of registers, the establishment of commons councils, and… - UK Conservation of Seals Act 1970 (c.30): Protection of Grey and Common Seals
The Conservation of Seals Act 1970 (c. 30) protects grey seals and common seals in England, Wales, and Scotland by prohibiting certain methods of killing, establishing close seasons, and providing for protection orders… - UK Control of Pollution Act 1974 (Part III, Noise): Construction-Site Noise Notices, Prior Consent and Noise Abatement Zones
Part III of the Control of Pollution Act 1974 remains the framework for controlling construction-site and street noise and for operating noise abatement zones in England and Wales, administered by local authorities (the… - UK Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (c.37): Right of Access to Open Country, SSSIs and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty
The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 (c. 37) creates a statutory right of public access on foot to open country and registered common land, strengthens the protection of sites of special scientific interest, and… - UK Deer Act 1991 (c.54): Close Seasons, Poaching and Prohibited Methods
The Deer Act 1991 (c. 54) consolidates the law protecting wild deer in England and Wales, regulating when and how deer may be taken or killed, administered through the courts and enforced by the police. Section 1… - UK Environment Act 1995 (c.25): The Environment Agency, Contaminated Land and National Air Quality Strategy
The Environment Act 1995 (c. 25) established the Environment Agency for England and Wales and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, set the Agency's principal aim and objectives, and introduced the statutory… - UK Environment Act 2021 Section 81 - Reporting on Discharges from Storm Overflows
Section 81 of the Environment Act 2021 inserts a new Section 141DA into the Water Industry Act 1991 requiring English sewerage undertakers to publish information about every storm overflow discharge: the fact of… - UK Environment Act 2021: Long-Term Targets, the Office for Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Gain
The Environment Act 2021 (c. 30) is the United Kingdom's principal post-Brexit framework for environmental governance, targets and protection, with most provisions led by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural… - UK Environmental Protection Act 1990: Waste Duty of Care, Contaminated Land and Statutory Nuisance
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 (c. 43) is a foundational UK environmental statute. Part II governs waste on land: section 33 makes it an offence to deposit, treat, keep or dispose of controlled waste without, or… - UK Flood and Water Management Act 2010
The UK Flood and Water Management Act 2010 implements key recommendations from the Pitt Review (2008) following the 2007 floods. The Act provides a strategic framework for flood and coastal erosion risk management in… - UK Flood and Water Management Act 2010: National Strategy, Lead Local Flood Authorities, Sustainable Drainage and Reservoir Safety
The Flood and Water Management Act 2010 is a principal framework for managing flood and coastal erosion risk and certain water-supply matters in England and Wales, administered by the Environment Agency, lead local… - UK Game Act 1831 (c.32): Game Certificates, Close Seasons and Trespass in Pursuit of Game
The Game Act 1831 (c. 32) remains the principal statute governing the taking of game in England and Wales, regulating close seasons, the requirement to hold a game certificate, the sale of game, and trespass in pursuit… - UK Hunting Act 2004 (c.37): Prohibition of Hunting Wild Mammals with Dogs and Hare Coursing
The Hunting Act 2004 (c. 37) prohibits the hunting of wild mammals with dogs and the practice of hare coursing in England and Wales, subject to defined exemptions, and is enforced through the magistrates' courts.… - UK Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009: Marine Management Organisation, Marine Planning, Licensing and Conservation Zones
The Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 is the principal framework for the management, planning, licensing and conservation of the United Kingdom marine area, administered by the Marine Management Organisation (MMO) and… - UK National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 (c.97): National Parks, Nature Reserves and Public Access to Open Country
The National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 (c. 97) is the foundational statute for the designation of National Parks, areas of outstanding natural beauty, and nature reserves in England and Wales, and for… - UK Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006
The UK Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (NERC Act) restructured natural environment governance in England by establishing Natural England (combining English Nature Countryside Agency and Rural… - UK Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006: Natural England, the Biodiversity Duty and SSSIs
The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (the NERC Act) reorganises England's nature-conservation bodies and imposes a statutory biodiversity duty on public authorities. Part 1 establishes Natural England:… - UK Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 (c.24): Enabling Power for the Integrated Pollution Control and Environmental Permitting Regime
The Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 (c. 24) is the enabling statute under which the Secretary of State makes regulations to prevent and control pollution from industrial and other activities, providing the… - UK Protection of Badgers Act 1992 (c.51): Protection of Badgers and Setts
The Protection of Badgers Act 1992 (c. 51) consolidates the law protecting badgers and their setts in England, Wales, and Scotland, administered through the courts and the licensing authorities and enforced by the… - UK Reservoirs Act 1975: Large Raised Reservoirs, Registration, Construction and Inspection Engineers and Supervision
The Reservoirs Act 1975 is the reservoir-safety framework for England and Wales, requiring large raised reservoirs to be designed, constructed, supervised and inspected by qualified civil engineers and registered with… - UK Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975 (c.51): Prohibited Methods, Close Seasons and Fishing Licences
The Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975 (c. 51) is the principal statute regulating the taking of salmon, trout, freshwater fish, and eels in England and Wales, administered by the Environment Agency. Section 1… - UK Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975: Prohibited Methods, Fixed Engines, Fish Passes, Close Seasons and Licensing
The Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975 is the principal statute protecting salmon, trout, freshwater fish and eels in England and Wales, regulating how, when and with what authority fish may be taken, administered… - UK Water Act 2003: Abstraction Licensing Reform, the Ofwat Duties and Water Conservation
The Water Act 2003 reformed the water abstraction licensing system, restructured the economic regulation of the water industry and strengthened water-conservation duties in England and Wales, amending the Water… - UK Water Industry Act 1991 - Ofwat Economic Regulation of Water and Sewerage Undertakers, Drinking Water Inspectorate and Customer Protection
The Water Industry Act 1991 (WIA, c.56, royal assent 25 July 1991) is the principal UK consolidation Act governing the regulation of water and sewerage services in England and Wales. It codifies the post-privatisation… - UK Water Industry Act 1991 Section 94 - General Duty to Provide Sewerage System
Every sewerage undertaker has a duty to provide, improve and extend a system of public sewers (whether inside or outside its area) and to cleanse and maintain those sewers and any lateral drains belonging to or vested… - UK Water Resources Act 1991 - Abstraction Licensing, Section 85 Water Pollution Offences and Environment Agency Powers
The Water Resources Act 1991 (WRA 1991) is the principal statute governing water resources, water quality and flood defence in England and Wales. Part II requires an abstraction licence under section 24 for the… - UK Water Resources Act 1991: Abstraction and Impounding Licensing
The Water Resources Act 1991 governs the management of water resources in England and Wales, with the abstraction and impounding licensing system administered by the Environment Agency in England and Natural Resources… - UK Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (c.69): Protection of Wild Birds, Animals, Plants and SSSIs
The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (c. 69) is the principal nature conservation statute for Great Britain, protecting wild birds, animals, and plants and providing for the designation of sites of special scientific… - UK Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: Species Protection, Invasive Species and SSSIs
The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (c. 69) is the principal UK statute for the protection of wild birds, animals and plants and for the conservation of designated habitats, enforced by the police and statutory nature… - UK Zoo Licensing Act 1981 (c.37): Licensing, Conservation Measures and Inspection of Zoos
The Zoo Licensing Act 1981 (c. 37) requires the licensing of zoos in Great Britain by local authorities, mandates conservation and welfare measures, and provides for inspection and closure, administered by local… - UN Watercourses Convention 1997 - Transboundary Freshwater Resources and Equitable Utilization
The UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNGA Res. 51/229, in force 2014) codifies customary international law principles of equitable and reasonable utilization, no… - UNECE Helsinki Convention 1992 - Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes
The UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (Helsinki Convention or Water Convention, 1992) is a binding multilateral environmental agreement under the United… - United States Clean Water Act (Title 33 USC Chapter 26): National Goal to Restore and Maintain Integrity of Waters, Effluent Limitations, Water Quality Standards, NPDES Permits, Dredged or Fill Material Permits, Citizen Suits, and State Authority
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, commonly cited as the Clean Water Act and codified at Title 33 of the United States Code, Chapter 26, is the principal federal statute regulating discharges of pollutants into… - US African Elephant Conservation Act of 1988 (16 U.S.C. Chapter 62): Ivory Import Controls and Conservation Assistance
The African Elephant Conservation Act of 1988, codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 62 (sections 4201 through 4246), provides for the conservation of the African elephant through controls on the importation and exportation of… - US CERCLA / Superfund (42 USC ch 103): Release Reporting, Response Authority and Strict Liability
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, the Superfund law), codified at 42 U.S.C. Chapter 103 (sections 9601-9675), provides federal authority to respond to releases of… - US Clean Air Act (42 USC ch 85): NAAQS, Permits, Emission Standards and Enforcement
The Clean Air Act (CAA), codified at 42 U.S.C. Chapter 85 (sections 7401-7671q), is the principal US statute for controlling air pollution, administered by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in cooperation… - US Clean Water Act 1972 - NPDES Permitting, Section 404 Dredge-Fill and Water Quality Standards Framework
The US Clean Water Act (CWA, Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, 33 USC 1251 et seq.) is the principal federal statute governing water pollution. EPA administers Section 402 National Pollutant… - US Clean Water Act: Discharge Prohibition, NPDES Permits, Dredge-and-Fill and Penalties
The Clean Water Act (CWA), formally the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, codified at 33 U.S.C. Chapter 26 (sections 1251-1389), is the principal US statute governing the discharge of pollutants into the waters of… - US Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 USC 3501 et seq.): The John H. Chafee System and the Restriction on Federal Expenditures
The Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA), codified at 16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., protects undeveloped coastal barriers by removing the federal financial incentives that subsidise their development, administered by the U.S.… - US Coastal Zone Management Act (16 USC ch 33): State Programs and the Federal Consistency Requirement
The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA), codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 33 (sections 1451-1466), establishes a voluntary federal-state partnership to manage and protect the nation's coastal zone, administered at… - US Coastal Zone Management Act 1972 - NOAA Federal Consistency Review, State Coastal Programmes and National Estuarine Research Reserves
The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA, Public Law 92-583, codified at 16 USC 1451-1466, enacted 27 October 1972) is the foundational US federal statute governing land and water use in coastal zones. It is… - US Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA, 42 USC ch 116): Release Notification and Reporting
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA), codified at 42 U.S.C. Chapter 116 (sections 11001-11050), establishes requirements for emergency planning and for reporting on hazardous and toxic… - US Endangered Species Act: Listing, Section 7 Consultation, Prohibited Takings and Penalties
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA), codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 35 (sections 1531-1544), is the principal US statute for the conservation of threatened and endangered species and the ecosystems on which they… - US EPA Clean Water Act Section 402 - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
Clean Water Act Section 402 (33 U.S.C. § 1342) establishes the NPDES permit program administered by EPA and authorized states, requiring any discharge of pollutants from a point source into navigable waters to obtain a… - US Federal Land Policy and Management Act (43 USC 1701 et seq.): Retention Policy, Multiple Use and Sustained Yield, Land Use Plans and Enforcement
The Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), codified at 43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq., is the organic statute for the public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management within the Department of the… - US Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 USC ch 5A): Consultation on Water-Resource Projects
The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 5A, subchapter I (sections 661-667e), requires federal agencies and federally permitted or licensed projects that modify water bodies to consult… - US Lacey Act (16 USC ch 53): Prohibition on Trafficking in Illegally Taken Fish, Wildlife and Plants
The Lacey Act, as amended and codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 53 (sections 3371-3378), is the principal US statute combating trafficking in illegally taken fish, wildlife and plants, enforced by the US Fish and Wildlife… - US Marine Mammal Protection Act (16 USC ch 31): Take Moratorium, Permits and Incidental Take in Fishing
The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 31 (sections 1361-1423h), establishes a moratorium on the taking and importation of marine mammals and marine mammal products, administered by the… - US Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act 1972 - Ocean Dumping Act EPA Permit Programme and National Marine Sanctuaries
The Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (MPRSA, Public Law 92-532, enacted 23 October 1972), commonly known as the Ocean Dumping Act, is the principal US federal statute regulating the… - US Migratory Bird Treaty Act: Prohibited Takings, Permits and Penalties
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 7, subchapter II (sections 703-712), implements four bilateral conventions for the protection of migratory birds (with Great Britain (for Canada) 1916,… - US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 42 USC ch 55): Environmental Impact Statements for Major Federal Actions
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), codified at 42 U.S.C. Chapter 55 (sections 4321-4347), is the foundational US environmental statute establishing a national environmental policy and a procedural… - US National Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. Chapter 32): Designation, Protection and Enforcement of Marine Sanctuaries
The National Marine Sanctuaries Act, codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 32 (sections 1431 through 1445c), authorizes the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to designate… - US National Trails System Act of 1968 (16 U.S.C. Chapter 27): Establishment and Administration of National Trails
The National Trails System Act of 1968, codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 27 (sections 1241 through 1251), establishes a national system of recreation, scenic, and historic trails to promote public access to and enjoyment… - US Ocean Dumping Act / MPRSA Title I (33 USC ch 27): Dumping Permits, Prohibitions and Penalties
Title I of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (the Ocean Dumping Act), codified at 33 U.S.C. Chapter 27 (sections 1401-1445), regulates the transportation and dumping of material into ocean… - US Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 USC ch 40): Responsible-Party Liability, Limits and Financial Responsibility
The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA), codified at 33 U.S.C. Chapter 40 (sections 2701-2762), establishes a comprehensive federal regime of liability and compensation for discharges of oil into navigable waters, adjoining… - US Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (42 USC ch 133): Source Reduction Hierarchy and Reporting
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (PPA), codified at 42 U.S.C. Chapter 133 (sections 13101-13109), establishes pollution prevention through source reduction as the national environmental policy of first resort and is… - US Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA, 42 USC ch 82): Cradle-to-Grave Hazardous Waste Management
The Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), codified at 42 U.S.C. Chapter 82 (sections 6901-6992k), governs the management of solid and hazardous waste from generation… - US Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 USC ch 9): Navigable Waters, Corps Permits and the Refuse Act
The Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899, codified at 33 U.S.C. Chapter 9 (sections 401 et seq.), is the foundational US statute protecting the navigable capacity of the waters of the United States and is… - US Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act 1899 Section 10 - Army Corps of Engineers Permit for Obstruction or Alteration of Navigable Waters
The Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899 (33 USC 401-467, enacted 3 March 1899, 30 Stat. 1151) is the oldest federal environmental law in the United States and remains the principal statute governing physical… - US Safe Drinking Water Act - 42 U.S.C. § 300f - National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
The Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. §§ 300f-300j-26) authorizes EPA to set National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs) for public water systems serving 25 or more persons. EPA has set Maximum Contaminant… - US Safe Drinking Water Act: NPDWRs, Public Water Systems, Underground Injection Control and Enforcement
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), codified at 42 U.S.C. Chapter 6A, subchapter XII (sections 300f-300j-27), is the principal US statute protecting the quality of drinking water supplied by public water systems and… - US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA, 15 USC ch 53): Premanufacture Notice, Risk Evaluation and Penalties
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), codified at 15 U.S.C. Chapter 53 (subchapter I, sections 2601-2629), gives the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) authority to regulate the manufacture, processing,… - US Water Resources Planning Act (42 USC 1962 et seq.): Comprehensive Coordinated Planning, the Water Resources Council and River Basin Commissions
The Water Resources Planning Act, codified at 42 U.S.C. 1962 et seq., establishes the federal framework for comprehensive and coordinated planning of the water and related land resources of the United States. Section… - US Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 USC 1001 et seq.): Works of Improvement, Local-Organization Assistance and the Conditions for Federal Aid
The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act, codified at 16 U.S.C. 1001 et seq., authorises Federal cooperation with States and local organizations to carry out works of improvement for soil conservation and flood… - US Whaling Convention Act of 1949 (16 U.S.C. Chapter 14): Domestic Implementation of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
The Whaling Convention Act of 1949, codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 14, Subchapter II (sections 916 through 916l), implements in United States law the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling and is… - US Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (16 USC ch 28): River Designation, Classification and Project Restrictions
The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 28 (sections 1271-1287), establishes a national system to preserve selected rivers with outstandingly remarkable values in their free-flowing condition,… - US Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1968 - National Wild and Scenic Rivers System Designation, Classification and Section 7 Federal Activity Review
The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 (WSRA, Public Law 90-542, codified at 16 USC 1271-1287, enacted 2 October 1968) establishes the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System (NWSRS) protecting selected rivers in their… - US Wilderness Act (16 USC 1131-1136): The National Wilderness Preservation System, the Definition of Wilderness and the Use Prohibitions
The Wilderness Act of 1964, codified at 16 U.S.C. 1131 to 1136, establishes the National Wilderness Preservation System and the legal protections that apply to designated wilderness, administered by the federal… - US-Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement 2012 Protocol - Binational Lakewide Action Plans, Areas of Concern and Chemicals of Mutual Concern
The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) between the United States and Canada, originally signed 15 April 1972 and subsequently amended in 1978, 1987 (Protocol) and 7 September 2012, is the principal binational…
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