What EU AI Act - GPAI Model Copyright Compliance and Training Data Summary Obligations (Article 53(1)(c)-(d)) requires
EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) Article 53(1)(c)-(d) imposes two specific obligations on providers of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models relating to copyright and training data: Article 53(1)(c) - copyright compliance obligation: GPAI providers must put in place a policy to comply with Union law on copyright and related rights, in particular to identify and comply with opt-out reservations of rights expressed pursuant to Article 4(3) of Directive (EU) 2019/790 (Digital Single Market Directive); Article 4 of the DSM Directive permits text and data mining (TDM) of lawfully accessible content, but Article 4(3) allows rightsholders to reserve their rights against TDM for commercial AI training purposes (a machine-readable opt-out); GPAI providers must therefore: (1) identify content with Article 4(3) opt-outs in their training data; (2) exclude such content from training unless licensed; (3) document their copyright policy in a way that can be disclosed to the European AI Office; Article 53(1)(d) - training data summary obligation: GPAI providers must make publicly available a sufficiently detailed summary of the content used for training the GPAI model to enable understanding of training data scope; the open-source exception in Article 53(2) applies to obligations under Article 53(1)(a) and (b) (technical documentation and downstream information) but does NOT apply to obligations under Article 53(1)(c) and (d) - meaning open-source GPAI model providers still must comply with the copyright policy and training data summary obligations; the GPAI Code of Practice (Article 54) will provide further guidance on the implementation of Article 53(1)(c)-(d) obligations; these obligations apply from 2 August 2025 for GPAI models placed on the market after that date.
Pillar: AI Governance & Law · Authority: European Parliament and Council of the EU · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689
SHA-256 integrity: 6ba5a411e7d33a7232905557f6cfe2732ca2172b93f25ca50addebf52386c81f
Primary Citations — 5 traced to source
- {"title":"Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 - EU AI Act: Article 53(1)(c)-(d) - Obligations for Providers of General-Purpose AI Models","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu","relevance":"Primary EU AI Act provisions establishing the GPAI copyright policy obligation (Article 53(1)(c)) and training data summary obligation (Article 53(1)(d)) - these two obligations apply to all GPAI model providers including open-source providers (Article 53(2) exception does not cover (c) and (d)) and apply from 2 August 2025 per Article 113(3)"}
- {"title":"Directive (EU) 2019/790 - Digital Single Market (DSM) Directive: Article 4 - Exception for Text and Data Mining","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu","relevance":"The EU copyright instrument whose Article 4(3) opt-out reservation mechanism is directly referenced in EU AI Act Article 53(1)(c) - DSM Directive Article 4 permits TDM of lawfully accessible content for any purpose including commercial AI training, subject to Article 4(3) rightsholder opt-out reservations expressed in machine-readable format; GPAI providers must identify and honour these opt-outs as part of their Article 53(1)(c) copyright policy"}
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