What EU AI Act - General-Purpose AI Models with Systemic Risk: Classification and Additional Obligations (Articles 51, 55) requires
EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) Article 51 establishes that a general-purpose AI (GPAI) model is classified as posing systemic risk where the cumulative amount of compute used for its training, measured in floating-point operations (FLOPs), exceeds 10^25 - this threshold is the primary classification criterion under Article 51(1)(a); Article 51(2) grants the European Commission power to designate specific GPAI models as posing systemic risk based on qualitative criteria - including potential negative effects on public health, safety, or fundamental rights, significant reach, autonomy, or novelty of risks - even where a model has not reached the 10^25 FLOPs threshold; Article 55 establishes additional mandatory obligations for providers of GPAI models with systemic risk, beyond those applicable to all GPAI model providers under Articles 52-53: (1) adversarial testing (red-teaming) of the model to identify and mitigate systemic risks, conducted in accordance with the state of the art in the field, including through independent expert evaluation; (2) reporting of serious incidents and possible corrective measures to the AI Office without undue delay; (3) implementation of cybersecurity protection commensurate with the systemic risks of the model; (4) reporting to the AI Office of the energy consumption of the GPAI model where this information is known; GPAI model provisions became applicable on 2 August 2025, twelve months after the EU AI Act entered into force on 2 August 2024, per Article 113(3); providers of GPAI models already placed on the market before 2 August 2025 benefit from transitional provisions - Article 113(3) grants those providers until 2 August 2027 to comply with obligations under Article 53(1)(a) on technical documentation; the European AI Office within the European Commission is the primary EU-level supervisory authority for GPAI models including models with systemic risk, with enforcement powers applicable to providers across the single market.
Pillar: AI Governance & Law · Authority: European Parliament and Council of the EU · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689
SHA-256 integrity: 8ebbfacece35eee97c68d800c4c84263cc8c63dbda536ae068fb48679519cf05
Primary Citations — 5 traced to source
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 - EU AI Act: Article 51 - Classification of General-Purpose AI Models as Models with Systemic Risk
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 - EU AI Act: Article 55 - Obligations of Providers of General-Purpose AI Models with Systemic Risk
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