Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 on the Implementation of the Rules on Competition (Articles 101 and 102 TFEU): NCA Powers, Commission Investigation Authority, 10% Worldwide Turnover Fines, European Competition Network, and Burden of Proof for Exemption Claims

What Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 on the Implementation of the Rules on Competition (Articles 101 and 102 TFEU): NCA Powers, Commission Investigation Authority, 10% Worldwide Turnover Fines, European Competition Network, and Burden of Proof for Exemption Claims requires

Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 (OJ L 1, 4.1.2003, p. 1), effective 1 May 2004, is the cornerstone of EU competition enforcement, replacing Regulation 17/62; it decentralises enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU by empowering national competition authorities (NCAs) to apply EU competition law in full, establishes the European Competition Network (ECN) for case allocation and parallel proceedings coordination, grants the European Commission broad investigation powers including document inspections (Article 20) and premises searches (Article 21), imposes fines up to 10% of an undertaking's total worldwide annual turnover for substantive violations (Article 23(2)), creates a 5-year limitation period for infringement proceedings (Article 25), reverses the pre-notification system by making Articles 101(1) and 102 directly applicable with the burden of proof for Article 101(3) exemptions placed on the undertaking invoking the benefit, and prohibits NCAs and national courts from adopting decisions incompatible with Commission decisions (Article 16).

Pillar: Competition & Antitrust · Authority: Council of the European Union · Version: 1.0.1 · Last updated: 2026-04-30

Primary source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003R0001

SHA-256 integrity: a2a44f57f4d4283e843789835691b9b0fedad9388d72a5443cd2903958421df8

Primary Citations — 7 traced to source

• {"citation":"Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty (now Articles 101 and 102 TFEU), OJ L 1, 4.1.2003, pp. 1-25 - primary enforcement regulation; effective 1 May 2004","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003R0001","year":2003}
• {"citation":"Article 23(2) of Regulation 1/2003 - Fines: Commission may impose fines not exceeding 10% of the undertaking's total worldwide annual turnover in the preceding business year for intentional or negligent infringement of Article 101 or 102 TFEU","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003R0001","year":2003}

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