Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 on the Implementation of the Rules on Competition (Articles 101 and 102 TFEU): NCA Powers, Commission Investigation Authority, 10% Worldwide Turnover Fines, European Competition Network, and Burden of Proof for Exemption Claims

What Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 on the Implementation of the Rules on Competition (Articles 101 and 102 TFEU): NCA Powers, Commission Investigation Authority, 10% Worldwide Turnover Fines, European Competition Network, and Burden of Proof for Exemption Claims requires

Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 (OJ L 1, 4.1.2003, p. 1), effective 1 May 2004, is the cornerstone of EU competition enforcement, replacing Regulation 17/62; it decentralises enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU by empowering national competition authorities (NCAs) to apply EU competition law in full, establishes the European Competition Network (ECN) for case allocation and parallel proceedings coordination, grants the European Commission broad investigation powers including document inspections (Article 20) and premises searches (Article 21), imposes fines up to 10% of an undertaking's total worldwide annual turnover for substantive violations (Article 23(2)), creates a 5-year limitation period for infringement proceedings (Article 25), reverses the pre-notification system by making Articles 101(1) and 102 directly applicable with the burden of proof for Article 101(3) exemptions placed on the undertaking invoking the benefit, and prohibits NCAs and national courts from adopting decisions incompatible with Commission decisions (Article 16).

Pillar: Competition & Antitrust · Authority: Council of the European Union · Version: 1.0.1 · Last updated: 2026-04-30

Primary source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003R0001

SHA-256 integrity: e3c0a41eb109818ee92601155c1e36adedcf0d2377790595ec027380e9830509

Primary Citations — 7 traced to source

• https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003R0001
• https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003R0001

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