Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market ('Unfair Commercial Practices Directive')

What Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market ('Unfair Commercial Practices Directive') requires

This directive prohibits unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices, including misleading and aggressive tactics, across the EU. It establishes a general prohibition against conduct that materially distorts the economic behavior of the average consumer (Article 5) and provides a specific blacklist of 31 practices in Annex I that are always considered unfair, which is now interpreted to include many forms of digital 'dark patterns'.

Pillar: Operations & CX · Authority: European Parliament and the Council of the European Union · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated: 2026-04-16

Primary source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32005L0029

SHA-256 integrity: 25b7dedcbc6e95e258cf8c902fe012cb2a8e2efc19b1df122f86259010350943

Primary Citations — 7 traced to source

• Directive 2005/29/EC, Article 5 - Prohibition of unfair commercial practices
• Directive 2005/29/EC, Article 6 - Misleading actions

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