What Outer Space Treaty 1967 Article 2 - Non-Appropriation Principle: No National Claims to Sovereignty Over Celestial Bodies requires
Article 2 of the OST prohibits national appropriation of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. This non-appropriation principle applies to all States and is one of the foundational norms of international space law. It does not prohibit use or exploration, but precludes sovereign territorial claims. The compatibility of commercial space resource extraction with Article 2 remains an active area of international legal debate addressed through domestic legislation and COPUOS deliberations.
Pillar: Space & Satellite Law · Authority: UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/introouterspacetreaty.html
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Primary Citations — 5 traced to source
- Outer Space Treaty 1967 Article II: Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means.
- US Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act 2015 (P.L. 114-90, space resources chapter): A United States citizen engaged in commercial recovery of an asteroid resource or a space resource shall be entitled to any asteroid resource or space resource obtained, including to possess, own, transport, use, and sell the asteroid resource or space resource obtained in accordance with applicable law, including the international obligations of the United States.
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