What NISTIR 8202 Blockchain Technology Overview requires
Blockchains are tamper evident and tamper resistant digital ledgers implemented in a distributed fashion (i.e., without a central repository) and usually without a central authority (i.e., a bank, company, or government). At their basic level, they enable a community of users to record transactions in a shared ledger within that community, such that under normal operation of the blockchain network no transaction can be changed once published. This document provides a high-level technical overview of blockchain technology to help readers understand how it works. Organizations considering implementing blockchain technology need to understand fundamental aspects of the technology. There are two general high-level categories for blockchain approaches: permissionless and permissioned. In a permissionless blockchain network anyone can read and write to the blockchain without authorization. Permissioned blockchain networks limit participation to specific people or organizations and allow finer-grained controls. Despite the many variations of blockchain networks and the rapid development of new blockchain related technologies, most blockchain networks use common core concepts. Blockchains are a distributed ledger comprised of blocks, and each block contains a set of transactions. This document explores the fundamentals of how these technologies work, including how participants agree on whether a transaction is valid and what happens when changes need to be made.
Pillar: AI Governance & Law · Authority: National Institute of Standards and Technology · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2018/NIST.IR.8202.pdf
SHA-256 integrity: 32250084774e837212dc6f167f6d66879f69411170077670d235e5510f377b32
Primary Citations — 8 traced to source
- Section 1: Blockchains are distributed digital ledgers of cryptographically signed transactions that are grouped into blocks. Each block is cryptographically linked to the previous one (making it tamper evident) after validation and undergoing a consensus decision.
- Section 2.1: Permissionless blockchain networks are decentralized ledger platforms open to anyone publishing blocks, without needing permission from any authority.
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