What Ramsar Convention 1971 - Wetlands of International Importance, Wise Use Obligation and Montreux Record requires
The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), adopted in Ramsar, Iran on 2 February 1971 and entering into force on 21 December 1975, is the oldest of the modern global intergovernmental environmental agreements. It provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. Article 2 requires each Contracting Party to designate suitable wetlands within its territory for inclusion in the List of Wetlands of International Importance, with at least one Ramsar Site designated upon accession. Article 3 establishes the wise use obligation, requiring Parties to maintain the ecological character of listed and all other wetlands in their territory. Article 4 requires Parties to promote conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves. As of 2024, the Convention has 172 Contracting Parties with over 2,400 Ramsar Sites covering approximately 256 million hectares. The Montreux Record under Resolution 5.4 (1993) maintains a record of Ramsar Sites where adverse changes in ecological character have occurred or are likely to occur, triggering remedial action.
Pillar: Water & Environmental Resources · Authority: Ramsar Convention Secretariat (hosted by IUCN in Gland, Switzerland); Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP) as governing body; Standing Committee; Scientific and Technical Review Panel (STRP) · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/current_convention_text_e.pdf
SHA-256 integrity: 831274749765f84dae6e117c8ef53d0a9bd34a1262b9d6f62963f390f495a1ea
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
- Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), adopted 2 February 1971, entered into force 21 December 1975, as amended by the Protocol of 3 December 1982 and the Regina Amendments of 28 May 1987; 996 UNTS 245 - Articles 1 definitions, 2 designation, 3 wise use, 4 nature reserves, 5 consultation, 6 Conference of Parties, 8 Bureau (Secretariat)
- Resolution 5.4 of the Fifth Conference of the Contracting Parties (Kushiro, Japan, 1993) on the Montreux Record - established the Montreux Record listing Ramsar Sites where adverse changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur
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