What Montreal Protocol 1987 & Kigali Amendment 2016 - Ozone-Depleting Substances & HFC Phase-Down requires
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987), which entered into force 1 January 1989 and now has 197 Parties (universal ratification), is the primary international treaty governing the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS). It achieved a 99% phaseout of ODS globally. The 2016 Kigali Amendment, in force 1 January 2019 (with 159 Parties), extends the Protocol's phaseout mechanism to hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent greenhouse gases with global warming potentials (GWPs) 12-14,000 times CO2. The Kigali Amendment will prevent up to 0.5°C of global warming by 2100. Under the Amendment, developed countries (Article 2 parties) must reduce HFC consumption to 15% of baseline by 2036. Developing countries (Article 5 parties) follow different schedules: Group 1 reduces to 20% of baseline by 2045, Group 2 (hot-climate states) reduces to 30% by 2047. The EU implements HFC controls through the F-Gas Regulation (EU) 2024/573 (Phase 2 - stronger controls from 2024). Non-ODS HFCs and HCFC substitutes require annual reporting to the UNEP Ozone Secretariat.
Pillar: Sustainability & ESG · Authority: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Ozone Secretariat · Version: 1.0.1 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://ozone.unep.org/treaties/montreal-protocol
SHA-256 integrity: a2ac8676feecc66bc81e083e36fe9c711a5059836e32f2a82d9e27528b7ee730
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
- https://ozone.unep.org/treaties/montreal-protocol
- https://ozone.unep.org/treaties/montreal-protocol/amendments/kigali-amendment-2016
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