What Outer Space Treaty 1967 - Non-Appropriation, Liability & Governance Framework requires
The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space (OST 1967) establishes the foundational international legal framework for space activities. Article II prohibits national appropriation of outer space, the Moon and other celestial bodies. Article VI holds States internationally responsible for national activities including those of non-governmental entities, requiring authorisation and continuing supervision. Article VII imposes absolute liability on launching States for damage caused on Earth's surface or to aircraft in flight. Article IX mandates harmful-contamination avoidance and obligatory consultation before activities potentially harmful to other States' activities. The Treaty has 114 parties as of 2026 and underpins all national space licensing regimes.
Pillar: Space & Satellite Law · Authority: United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) · Version: 1.0.1 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html
SHA-256 integrity: ecb45bb8a9abb826330e75cb1cc4b10e9d220d35a2e14974a908926667805667
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
- https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/outerspacetreaty.html
- https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/registrationconvention.html
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