What US-Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement 2012 Protocol - Binational Lakewide Action Plans, Areas of Concern and Chemicals of Mutual Concern requires
The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) between the United States and Canada, originally signed 15 April 1972 and subsequently amended in 1978, 1987 (Protocol) and 7 September 2012, is the principal binational framework for restoring and protecting the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the Waters of the Great Lakes. The 2012 amended Protocol entered into force 12 February 2013 and reorganises commitments into 10 Annexes addressing: 1 Areas of Concern, 2 Lakewide Management, 3 Chemicals of Mutual Concern, 4 Nutrients, 5 Discharges from Vessels, 6 Aquatic Invasive Species, 7 Habitat and Species, 8 Groundwater, 9 Climate Change Impacts, and 10 Science. The Agreement is implemented in the United States under the authority of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act) and the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI, authorised through annual appropriations since 2010 with USD 4+ billion total). The lead US implementing agency is the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO); the lead Canadian agency is Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). The International Joint Commission (IJC), established under the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty, provides independent assessment and reports biennially through the Triennial Assessment of Progress (TAP). The Great Lakes contain approximately 20% of the world's surface freshwater and provide drinking water for 40+ million people.
Pillar: Water & Environmental Resources · Authority: US Environmental Protection Agency - Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO); Environment and Climate Change Canada; International Joint Commission (IJC) oversight; implemented in US under Clean Water Act authority · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://binational.net/glwqa-aqegl/
SHA-256 integrity: f93f06c092013b917b0371e750cbda6faafaf184fd1207e911b7c3d6f9ab829b
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
- Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Between the United States of America and Canada, signed 15 April 1972, as amended (1978, 1987 Protocol, 2012 Protocol) - 10 Annexes addressing binational restoration and protection of Great Lakes water quality
- GLWQA 2012 Protocol Amending the 1978 Agreement, signed 7 September 2012, entered into force 12 February 2013 - reorganised commitments, established CMCs framework, expanded scope to nearshore and groundwater
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