What US National Marine Sanctuaries Act (16 U.S.C. Chapter 32): Designation, Protection and Enforcement of Marine Sanctuaries requires
The National Marine Sanctuaries Act, codified at 16 U.S.C. Chapter 32 (sections 1431 through 1445c), authorizes the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to designate and manage national marine sanctuaries to protect areas of the marine environment with special national significance. Section 1431 sets the findings, purposes, and policies, and establishes the National Marine Sanctuary System. Section 1432 provides the definitions. Section 1433 sets the sanctuary designation standards, including the requirement that the area be of special national significance. Section 1434 sets the procedures for designation and implementation, including consultation, public comment, and congressional review. Section 1436 sets the prohibited activities, including destroying, causing the loss of, or injuring a sanctuary resource and violating any regulation or permit. Section 1437 provides for enforcement, including civil penalties of up to a specified amount per violation per day, and authorizes the assessment of penalties and the seizure of vessels. Section 1441 authorizes special use permits for the conduct of specific activities. Section 1443 establishes liability for the destruction, loss, or injury of sanctuary resources, including response costs and damages. The Act is the foundational statute for the United States system of marine protected areas.
Pillar: Water & Environmental Resources · Authority: U.S. Congress / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2022-title16/html/USCODE-2022-title16-chap32.htm
SHA-256 integrity: 200437c69a93bd9e7ed34e270552f3b6386faf209db6afd29f89877a0e779078
Primary Citations — 8 traced to source
- National Marine Sanctuaries Act, 16 U.S.C. 1431 - findings, purposes, and policies; establishment of system.
- National Marine Sanctuaries Act, 16 U.S.C. 1432 - definitions.
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