What US Safe Drinking Water Act: NPDWRs, Public Water Systems, Underground Injection Control and Enforcement requires
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), codified at 42 U.S.C. Chapter 6A, subchapter XII (sections 300f-300j-27), is the principal US statute protecting the quality of drinking water supplied by public water systems and protecting underground sources of drinking water, administered by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with primary enforcement responsibility (primacy) delegated to approved states. Section 300f supplies the definitions, including 'public water system', 'contaminant', 'maximum contaminant level' (MCL) and 'primary drinking water regulation'. Section 300g-1 directs the Administrator to identify contaminants that may have an adverse effect on health and occur in public water systems at a frequency of public-health concern, and to set a maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) and a national primary drinking water regulation (NPDWR) for each: the MCL must be set as close to the MCLG as is feasible using the best available technology and treatment techniques (taking cost into consideration), or, where measuring the contaminant level is not economically or technologically feasible, a required treatment technique may be prescribed in lieu of an MCL. Section 300g-2 provides for state primary enforcement responsibility, and section 300g-3 sets out federal enforcement, including notice of violation, administrative orders and civil actions. Sections 300h to 300h-8 establish the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program to prevent endangerment of underground sources of drinking water through well injection. Section 300i confers emergency powers where a contaminant presents an imminent and substantial endangerment to health, and section 300i-1 makes it a criminal offence to tamper, attempt to tamper, or threaten to tamper with a public water system. Section 300j-4 confers records, reporting, monitoring and inspection authority, and public water systems must give public notification of violations.
Pillar: Water & Environmental Resources · Authority: US Congress / Environmental Protection Agency and state primacy agencies · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2022-title42/html/USCODE-2022-title42-chap6A.htm
SHA-256 integrity: d43137b786292277f4f22a56737f5d1ca60b721e4af178227a32e2c0f59fe524
Primary Citations — 8 traced to source
- Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 U.S.C. 300f - definitions, including public water system, contaminant and maximum contaminant level.
- Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 U.S.C. 300g-1 - national primary drinking water regulations, maximum contaminant level goals, maximum contaminant levels and treatment techniques.
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