What Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA) - HB 149 (89R) requires
The Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 149 of the 89th Legislature, Regular Session) adds new Subtitle D (Chapters 551 to 554) to Title 11 of the Texas Business and Commerce Code titled 'Artificial Intelligence Protection'. Chapter 551 contains general provisions and definitions. Chapter 552 establishes the substantive AI duties, prohibitions, and enforcement framework, including civil penalties for violations. Chapter 553 establishes the Texas regulatory sandbox program for limited testing of innovative AI systems without full licensing requirements. Chapter 554 establishes the Texas Artificial Intelligence Council to oversee ethical AI development across state agencies, the regulatory sandbox, and statewide policy coordination. The Act was passed by the Texas House on April 23 2025, passed by the Senate on May 23 2025, with House concurrence in Senate amendments on May 30 2025, and signed by Governor Abbott. The Act takes effect 1 January 2026 (Section 10). Author Capriglione. Civil penalties enforced by the Texas Attorney General. TRAIGA is the first comprehensive AI governance law in a Republican-led state and the first state-level Act to combine substantive AI obligations with a formal regulatory sandbox.
Pillar: AI Governance & Law · Authority: Texas Legislature 89th Regular Session; Texas Office of the Attorney General (civil penalty enforcement); Texas Artificial Intelligence Council (Chapter 554 oversight); Texas Department of Information Resources (DIR) (regulatory sandbox under Chapter 553) · Version: 1.0.0 · Last updated:
Primary source: https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/billtext/html/HB00149F.htm
SHA-256 integrity: 4fc5883ef50d359382d8d7a312624fc25a5f5e9d40daa31b83af280db0de0130
Primary Citations — 7 traced to source
- Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act, House Bill 149, 89th Legislature Regular Session (89R), enrolled text (Texas Legislature Online, Texas Legislative Council)
- Texas Business and Commerce Code, Title 11 Subtitle D Chapters 551 to 554 (as added by HB 149 89R) - General Provisions and Definitions (Chapter 551), AI Protection Duties and Enforcement (Chapter 552), Regulatory Sandbox Program (Chapter 553), Texas Artificial Intelligence Council (Chapter 554)
+ 5 more citations (full bibliography, deterministic workflow, actionable schema and crosswalks) included in the vault unlock — $0.01 via Skyfire / L402 / Direct Base USDC.
Access
- Discovery (free): /api/v1/nodes/us-tx-traiga-hb149-2025-responsible-ai-governance.json — 6-field metadata
- Vault (full node): /api/v1/vault/nodes/us-tx-traiga-hb149-2025-responsible-ai-governance.json — full 13-key payload, $0.01 USDC (L402/Skyfire/Direct Base)
- Canonical URL: https://bidda.com/intelligence/us-tx-traiga-hb149-2025-responsible-ai-governance
- Back to registry: Browse all 10,108 compliance nodes